Iinkcukacha zeParamitha
Ilizwe laseKenya
Ummandla weSithili saseNakuru, eRift Valley
Uhlobo lomthengi Umenzi wokutya kobisi othengiswayo ophakathi
Uhlobo lokutya Iipellets zobisi ezixutyiweyo (14–18% iproteni eluhlaza, ububanzi obuyi-6 mm)
Izixhobo zaseHongyang HYPM508 Ring Die Pellet Mill × iyunithi e-1; I-HYSK160 Counterflow Cooler × iyunithi e-1
Umthamo wePellet Mill olinganiselweyo yi-8 t/h
Isiphumo Esizinzileyo 7.8–8.2 t/h
Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet (PDI) 96.8% (Umvavanyi weHolmen, imizuzwana engama-30)
Iipellet Fines ezingaphantsi kwe-2.0% emva kokuphola
Ubushushu bokukhupha ubushushu obupholileyo 3–5 °C ngaphezu kwemozulu
Umhla wokufakwa ngoJanuwari 2025
1. Imvelaphi
IKenya yeyona mveliso yobisi inkulu kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara ngaphandle koMzantsi Afrika. Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yiKenya Dairy Board kwaye yahlanganiswa yi-governance.co.ke portal, eli lizwe livelise iilitha zobisi eziqikelelwa kwi-5.76 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2024, ukusuka kwi-5.2 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha ngo-2022. Icandelo lobisi linegalelo kwi-3–4% ye-GDP yesizwe kunye ne-12% ye-GDP yezolimo, lixhasa amakhaya asemaphandleni angaphezu kwe-1.8 yezigidi kwaye libonelela ngemisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-700,000 ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo. Phantsi kwe-Ajenda yoTshintsho lwezoQoqosho oluPhantsi (i-BETA), urhulumente ubeke umgomo ozimiseleyo wokuphinda kabini imveliso yobisi ukuya kwiilitha ezili-10 zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka, kunye nokuphuculwa kokutya kwezilwanyana okuchongiweyo njengesixhobo esiphambili.
ISithili saseNakuru sikwiRift Valley yaseKenya — enye yezona ndawo zigxile kakhulu ekuveliseni ubisi kweli lizwe. Ngo-2024 kuphela, iNakuru ivelise iilitha zobisi ezingama-318 ezigidi ezixabisa i-KSh 13.9 yeebhiliyoni, ixhasa iindlela zokuphila ezingaphezu kwama-500,000 kwikhonkco lexabiso lobisi, njengoko kubikwe yiOrganic Farm Kenya ngaphambi kweNgqungquthela yokuqala yeCandelo leXabiso lobisi yesithili ebibanjwe ngoSeptemba 2025. Lo mmandla ubamba iqela elikhulu labalimi bobisi abancinci nabaphakathi abaxhomekeke kwiindlela zokutya ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe apha ekhaya ukugcina ukusebenza kokuncancisa.
Icandelo lokuvelisa ukutya kwezorhwebo eKenya likhule ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokukhula kwemfuno. NgoFebruwari 2025, iDatshi yelizwekazi iDe Heus Animal Nutrition yayalela i-KSh 3 yeebhiliyoni (malunga ne-USD 23 yezigidi) yefektri yokutya e-Athi River enomthamo wonyaka wee-240,000 zeetoni, enemigca emibini yeepellet nganye elinganiswe kwi-20 t/h - uphawu olucacileyo lwendlela yokunyuka kwecandelo. Nangona kunjalo, kubavelisi bokutya abazimeleyo abaphakathi abasebenza ngaphandle komzila weNairobi-Athi River, umngeni awukokwandiswa komthamo kuphela; kukufezekisa umgangatho weepellet, ukuhambelana kokuphuma, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza okufunwa ngabalimi bobisi bezorhwebo.
Umthengi kolu phononongo yinkampani yokugaya ukutya ephethwe lusapho ekwiikhilomitha ezili-15 ukusuka embindini wesixeko saseNakuru. Yasekwa ngo-2012, le nkampani ivelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-2,500 ze-metric feed ngenyanga, apho malunga ne-60% yazo i-derice concentrate kwimo ye-pellet. Imveliso eseleyo iquka i-chicken layer mash kunye ne-pig grower meal, zombini zithengiswa kwimo yesidlo. I-milk pellet line yeyona mveliso iphezulu yenkampani kwaye iphambili ekukhuleni kwayo.
Izinto eziluhlaza zokwenza i-derivative concentrate zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwe-120-kilometer radius: umbona kunye ne-cookie germ ezivela eKitale nase-Eldoret, umgubo wesoya ovela kwizityalo ezilungisa izinto kwiNakuru Industrial Area, ikhekhe le-cottonseed elivela kwi-ginneries kwiLake Victoria basin, kunye nee-premixes zeminerali ezivela kubathengisi baseNairobi. Olu luhlu lokubonelela olufutshane lunika i-mill inzuzo enkulu ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneenkampani ezikhuphisana nazo ezixhomekeke kwizithako zokutya ezingenisiweyo, kodwa ikwathetha ukuba umxholo womswakama wezithako kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana bahluka kakhulu phakathi kweebhetshi - into ebeka iimfuno ezinkulu kubuchule bokulungisa kunye nokucinezela kwe-pellet mill.
2. Umngeni
Ngaphambi kowama-2025, umgca weepellet zomthengi wawakhiwe malunga neefektri ezimbini zepellet eziqhutywa yibhanti ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezenziwe eIndiya, nganye inikwe i-6 t/h. Kwiminyaka emine yokusebenza — apho iifektri zazisebenza ngokudibeneyo malunga neetoni ezingama-75,000 ze-metric concentrate yobisi — iingxaki ezintathu eziqhubekayo zavela, nganye itshabalalisa inzuzo kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi.
Okokuqala: ukungazinzi komthamo womoya kunye nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Inkqubo yothumelo eqhutywa yibhanti yaphulukana nokusebenza kakuhle okuqhubekayo njengoko uxinzelelo lwebhanti lwaluthomalalisa phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. INakuru ikwiimitha ezili-1,850 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, kwaye amaqondo obushushu asemini ahlala efikelela kuma-28–32 °C. Phantsi kwezi meko, abaqhubi babike ukuba umthamo womoya uyehla ukusuka kwi-5.5 t/h ukuya kwi-3.8 t/h kwiinyanga ezintathu zomjikelo ngamnye wokutshintshwa kwebhanti. Ukutshintshwa kwebhanti kwakufuneka rhoqo kwiinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintlanu, nganye ithatha iiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi zokungasebenzi kwemveliso.
Okwesibini: ukuveliswa kweentlawulo ezigqithisileyo. Iifektri ezindala bezixhomekeke kwi-cooler yebhanti ethe tyaba yesizukulwana esidala eyayisokola ukunciphisa ubushushu be-pellet ngaphantsi kwama-20 °C ngaphezu kwemozulu ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu. Iipellets eziphuma kwi-cooler kuma-50-55 °C zibonise ukuqhekeka komphezulu njengoko zipholile ngakumbi ngexesha lokugcina, zivelisa iintlawulo eziqokelelene kwiingxowa ezinkulu nakwiilori zokuhambisa. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwe liqela lolawulo lomgangatho wabathengi kubonise umxholo wentlawulo oqala kwi-6.5% ukuya kwi-11.2% ngobunzima - ngaphezulu kakhulu kwe-3% ephezulu kunaleyo abalimi bobisi abarhwebayo kummandla weRift Valley babeyilindele. Abalimi bakhalaza ngothuli olubonakalayo ekutyeni okuhanjisiweyo kwaye baxela ukuba iinkomo zabo zala ngokukhetha iqhekeza elincinci, zishiya intsalela ingatyiwa kwimigqomo yokutya.
Okwesithathu: ukunyuka kwexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga. Ukusilela kwee-gearbox bearing, ukudinwa kwe-ring die clamp bolt, kunye nokushisa kakhulu kwe-cooler drive motor kudityaniswe ukuvelisa umyinge we-11 stoppages ezingacwangciswanga ngenyanga, nganye ihlala ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-45 ukuya kwi-shift epheleleyo. Ngexesha lokuncancisa eliphakamileyo (ngoMatshi-Juni, xa ukufumaneka kwamadlelo kuncipha kwaye imfuno ikhula ngokukhawuleza), amandla okuvelisa asebenzayo e-mill ehla malunga nama-28% ngaphantsi kwezivumelwano zesivumelwano, nto leyo eyanyanzela umthengi ukuba athengise imveliso ye-pellet kwi-mill yomncintisani wakhe kwiikhilomitha ezingama-80 ukusuka apho - nge-KSh 3.50 ngekhilogram nganye echithe phantse yonke i-middle yomgca we-milk pellet.
Ingxelo yokugcinwa komthengi kwiinyanga ezili-12 ngaphambi kotshintsho lwezixhobo irekhode ukungenelela okungacwangciswanga okuyi-127, ixesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF) leeyure zokusebenza ezingama-65, kunye neendleko zokugcinwa konyaka ezilingana ne-18% yexabiso leencwadi leepellet mills elihlileyo.
3. Isisombululo sikaHongyang
NgoSeptemba 2024, emva kokuvavanya izindululo ezivela kubaboneleli bezixhobo abathathu — omnye waseYurophu, omnye waseIndiya (umzekelo olandelayo womphathi), kunye noMshini Wokutya waseHongyang (eLiyang, eTshayina) — umthengi wakhetha isindululo sikaHongyang. Izinto ezibalulekileyo, njengoko zichazwe ngumlawuli ophetheyo wefektri, zezi: (a) ukuhanjiswa ngqo kwe-HYPM508 okuqhutywa yigiya, okususa ukutyibilika kwebhanti njengendlela yokusilela; (b) inkqubo yokupholisa edibeneyo, apho isindululo saseYurophu sasibiza ngaphezulu ngama-40% njengesongezelelo esizimeleyo; kunye (c) ukuzimisela kukaHongyang ukubonelela ngenkxaso yokuthumela kwindawo kunye neqela leenjineli ezimbini kangangeentsuku ezili-14.
Uqwalaselo olufakiweyo lulandelayo:
Iinkcukacha zeCandelo
I-Pellet Mill Hongyang HYPM508 Ring Die Pellet Mill
Injini Ephambili yi-160 kW, iipali ezi-4, i-IP55, i-Class F insulation
I-Transmission Helical gear drive, edibene ngqo, i-oil-bath lubrication
I-Ring Die enobubanzi obuyi-508 mm ngaphakathi, umngxuma osebenzayo ongu-6.0 mm × 65 mm, intsimbi engatyiwayo (X46Cr13), iqiniswe nge-vacuum ukuya kwi-58–60 HRC
Isicocisi I-double-shaft differential conditioner, ubude bokugcina obuyi-3.0 m, ii-paddles zentsimbi engagqwaliyo
Inkqubo yoMphunga ibhoyila ye-1.0 t/h (ekhoyo), isikhululo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo esiphuculweyo kunye nevalvu yokulawula
I-Cooler Hongyang HYSK160 Counterflow Cooler
Umthamo wokupholisa 8–10 t/h (uhambelana nomphumo we-pellet mill)
Ukuphatha Umoya ifeni ye-centrifugal eyi-15 kW enesahluli senkanyamba
I-Discharge Rotary airlock, i-variable-frequency drive
Ubunjineli bokudlulisa: i-gear drive isusa ukuwohloka kwebhanti. I-HYPM508 isebenzisa i-helical gear drive edibene ngqo ne-motor ephambili nge-flexible coupling, kunye ne-ring die efakwe kwi-quill shaft. Olu lwakhiwo ludlulisela amandla kwi-reduction ratio eqhubekayo ye-6.3:1, inika isantya se-die circumferential se-6.5–7.0 m/s — ngaphakathi kwefestile efanelekileyo yee-milk concentrate formulations eziqulethe i-14–18% crude protein kunye ne-10–12% crude fiber. Ngokungafaniyo nee-precursors eziqhutywa yibhanti, akukho nto ye-transmission exhomekeke ekuphumleni kwe-tension, i-ambient-temperature-dependent friction coefficient variation, okanye i-abrasive dust ingress. I-gear case ivaliwe kwaye i-oil-bath itshizwe, kunye ne-sight glass kunye ne-magnetic drain plug ukuze ihlolwe rhoqo.
Ukulungisa: isenzo sokwahluka kwe-double-shaft kwiifomyula ezinefayibha ephezulu. Iifomyula zobisi oluxutyiweyo eKenya zihlala ziquka ikhekhe le-cottonseed eliyi-15–25% okanye ikhekhe le-sunflower, zombini ezi fomyula zinegalelo kwi-fiber yokwakha echasayo i-gelatinization. I-double-shaft differential conditioner yaseHongyang ijongana noku ngokugcina ixesha lokugcina lemizuzwana engama-45–60 kwi-82–88 °C, ivumela iqhekeza lesitatshi elivela kumbona (malunga ne-30–35% yefomyula) ukuba lifumane i-gelatinization eyaneleyo ukuze lisebenze njenge-binder yendalo. Ulungiselelo lwe-paddle yokwahluka - kunye ne-shafts zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezijikelezayo ngesantya esahlukileyo - luthintela ukuqhagamshela kunye nokujikeleza okufutshane okuboniswa zii-single-shaft conditioners xa zicubungula ukutya okune-fiber, okumanzi kancinci.
Ukupholisa okuhambayo: ukudibana komoya okucwangcisiweyo kuthintela ukothuka kobushushu. I-HYSK160 counterflow cooler idlulisa umoya ojikeleze umhlaba uye phezulu ngekholamu yemveliso ehlayo, idala i-gradient yobushushu apho ii-pellets ezishushu kakhulu (eziphuma kwi-pellet mill kwi-75–85 °C) zidibana nomoya oshushu kakhulu, ngelixa ii-pellets ezipholileyo kufutshane nesango lokukhupha umoya zifumana umoya omtsha ojikeleze umhlaba. Olu tshintsho lobushushu olucwangcisiweyo luthintela ukuqhekeka komphezulu okwenzekayo xa ii-pellets ezishushu zivezwa emoyeni obandayo ojikeleze umhlaba kwii-coolers ezihamba ngokuthe nkqo okanye ezithe nkqo. I-variable-frequency drive kwi-discharge rotary airlock iguqula ixesha lokuhlala kwemveliso ukuze ihambelane namazinga ahlukeneyo okukhupha i-pellet mill, iqinisekisa ukuba i-cooler isebenza kubunzulu obuchanekileyo bebhedi kulo lonke uluhlu olupheleleyo lokukhupha.
I-ring die metallurgy yeefomyula ezirhabaxa. Ikhekhe le-cottonseed yaseKenya, ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yalo, liqulethe i-linter fiber eseleyo kunye nobuninzi bee-trace particles zomhlaba ezinegalelo ekuqhekekeni kodonga olufileyo. I-Hongyang ichaze i-X46Cr13 stainless steel ring die eqiniswe nge-vacuum enomlinganiselo wokucinezelwa osebenzayo we-1:6.5 kumngxuma wokufa oyi-6.0 mm. Olu didi lwezinto lufikelela kubunzima bomphezulu obuyi-58-60 HRC ngelixa lugcina ukuqina okwaneleyo ukumelana ne-micro-chipping kwiindawo zokungena zemingxuma - indlela yokusilela ebonwe kwii-dies zangaphambili, ezaziqiniswe zaya kwi-brittle 62-64 HRC.
4. Iziphumo
Umgca weHongyang waqaliswa ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2025. Iqela lolawulo lomgangatho lomthengi liqhube inkqubo yokujonga ukusebenza yeentsuku ezingama-90, lilinganisa izalathisi eziphambili ngokuchasene nedatha esisiseko evela kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokugqibela zokusebenza komgca wexesha elidlulileyo. Iziphumo zishwankathelwe ngezantsi.
Umgca weLifa leSibonisi sokuSebenza (Julayi–Disemba 2024) Uphuculo loMgca waseHongyang (Februwari–Epreli 2025)
Umthamo ozinzileyo 3.8–5.5 t/h 7.8–8.2 t/h +49% kwimida esezantsi
Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet (PDI) 87.2% umyinge. 96.8% umyinge. +9.6 yeepesenti zamanqaku
Umxholo wefines (emva kokupholisa) 6.5–11.2% 1.2–2.0% –82%
Ubushushu bokukhupha amanzi obupholileyo obuyi-20–25 °C ngaphezulu kwe-ambient 3–5 °C ngaphezulu kwe-ambient –80%
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile 22.4 kWh/t 18.1 kWh/t –19.2%
Ukuyeka okungacwangciswanga ngenyanga 10.6 avareji 2.3 avareji –78%
I-MTBF (iiyure zokusebenza) iiyure ezingama-65 iiyure ezingama-312 +380%
Iindleko zokulungisa ngenyanga KSh 187,000 KSh 53,000 –72%
Iziphumo ezimbini zifanele ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo.
Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet kwi-96.8%. Isiphumo sovavanyo lweHolmen se-96.8% emva kwemizuzwana engama-30 sibonisa ukuthembeka kwepellet kwikota ephezulu yokutya kobisi okuthengiswayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukudibana kwe-double-shaft conditioner efumana i-starch gelatinization ehambelanayo kunye ne-counterflow cooler ethintela ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal micro-cracking yindlela ephambili. Kubalimi bobisi abakwi-radius yokusasazwa komthengi, oku kuguqulelwe ekutyeni okucocekileyo okubonakalayo, akukho ukwaliwa kwiintlawulo ezigqithisileyo kwiinyanga ezintlanu ukusukela oko kwaqaliswa, kunye neengxelo ezingembali zentsalela ye-feed trough enciphileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshiswe nge-19.2%. Eli nani libonisa isiphumo esidibeneyo sothumelo oluqhutywa yigiya (malunga ne-5% yokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa ne-belt drive egcinwe kakuhle kunye ne-12% xa kuthelekiswa ne-belt egugileyo), kunye nokususwa kwe-conveyor yemveliso eyahlukileyo ye-cooler kunye ne-re-circulation fan, ezithe xa zizonke zasebenzisa malunga ne-7.5 kW. Kwimveliso ye-mill emalunga neetoni ezili-1,500 zeepellets zobisi ngenyanga, ukonga kwe-4.3 kWh/t kulingana ne-KSh 130,000 ngenyanga ekunciphiseni iindleko zombane - okulingana nomvuzo womqhubi omnye womveliso.
5. Ingxelo yabathengi
Umlawuli ophetheyo wefektri, ethetha ngexesha lotyelelo lwendawo ngoMeyi 2025, unike olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
“I-gear-drive pellet mill kunye ne-counterflow cooler zitshintshe kakhulu indlela esicwangcisa ngayo imveliso. Phantsi kwendlela endala yokuseta, bendicwangcisa oomatshini — ndicwangcisa iifestile zokulungisa, ndicwangcisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokutshintshwa kweebhanti, kwaye ndixolisa kubalimi xa ukuhanjiswa kuphelile. Ngoku oomatshini basebenza ngokwesicwangciso semveliso, kungekhona ngenye indlela. Abalimi bethu bobisi basixelela ukuba iipellets zifika ziphelele kwaye iinkomo zabo zicoca imikhombe. Leyo yimpendulo ebaluleke kakhulu kuthi.”
Umphathi wemveliso wongeze wathi: “Isibandisi esichasene nokuphuma kwamanzi yingqwele engakhange idunyiswe. Besisoloko sinezikhalazo ngesikhunta ngexesha lemvula kuba isibandisi esidala sishiya iipellets zifudumele kwaye zimanzi. Iimvula ezinde zalo nyaka — ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi — bekungekho mbuyekezo inxulumene nesikhunta. Ubushushu bokukhupha amanzi kwisikhunta abuzange budlule kwi-30 °C nangona imozulu ifikelela kwi-30 °C. Loo ngqiniseko yinto abathengi bethu abayiqaphelayo.”
Iqela lolondolozo libike ukuba i-ring die efakwe ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwayo yayisele iqokelele malunga neeyure zokusebenza ezingama-6,200 ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2025, kwaye ukuguguleka kwe-die hole kulinganiswa kwi-0.12 mm — ngaphakathi komda wenkonzo ocetyisiweyo ngumvelisi we-0.25 mm, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ubomi be-die obuqikelelweyo bungaphezulu kweeyure ezili-10,000 kule fomula.
6. Isiphelo
Ityala le-Nakuru feed mill libonisa indlela eyenzeka ngayo kubavelisi bokutya abaphakathi eMpuma Afrika: utshintsho oluvela kwi-belt-driven pellet mills ukuya kwi-direct gear-driven ring die pellet mills, kunye nokupholisa okuhambayo, luzisa utshintsho oluncinci kuzinzo lwemveliso, umgangatho we-pellet, kunye nolwakhiwo lweendleko zokusebenza oludlula kakhulu uphuculo oluqhubekayo.
KwiHongyang Feed Machinery, le projekthi ibonise amandla enkampani okubonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo se-pelleting - i-pellet mill, i-conditioner, kunye ne-cooler - njengephakheji edibeneyo enenkxaso ye-commissioning kwindawo yokusebenza enzima. Isithuba seentsuku ezili-14 soku-commission sigqityiwe ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo, kwaye umgca ufikelele kwi-95% yamandla alinganisiweyo ngosuku lwe-11 lwemveliso.
Kwishishini lokutya laseKenya ngokubanzi, eli tyala liqinisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo: njengoko urhulumente etyhalela phambili ukuya kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha zokuveliswa kobisi ngonyaka kwaye njengoko abantu abavela kumazwe ngamazwe bephakamisa umda wokhuphiswano, amandla oomatshini bokutya abazimeleyo aya kuxhomekeka kwixabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga izixhobo, kodwa kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lobunini kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wepellet ohanjiswa esangweni lefama.
Imithombo yedatha: Imveliso yobisi yaseKenya kunye nezibalo zecandelo lobisi ezivela kwi-governance.co.ke (i-BETA Dashboard, 2024). Idatha yokuveliswa kobisi kwiSithili saseNakuru evela kwi-Organic Farm Kenya (Ingxelo yeNgqungquthela yeNgqungquthela yeXabiso lobisi yaseNakuru, 2025). Iinkcukacha zesityalo saseDe Heus Kenya ezivela kwi-Organic Farm Kenya (ngoFebruwari 2025). Iinkcukacha zesondlo sesidlo sobisi saseKenya ezivela kwi-happyfeeds.co.ke kunye noluhlu lwemveliso ye-farmfeeds.org. Yonke idatha yokusebenza kwezixhobo ezivela kwiirekhodi zokubeka esweni abathengi, ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi 2025.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-20-2026
