ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga
IMexico lilizwe lesithandathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni elivelisa amaqanda, livelisa iitoni ezingama-3.27 ezigidi zamaqanda ngo-2024, kwaye liphethe irekhodi lehlabathi lokusetyenziswa kwamaqanda ngomntu ngamnye ngamaqanda angama-392 kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka. Emva kwala manani kukho ishishini lokutya elivelisa iitoni ezingama-7.7 ezigidi zama-metric zokutya ngonyaka - icandelo lesibini ngobukhulu kwimveliso yokutya iyonke yaseMexico eyi-41 yezigidi zama-metric ton. Kwimisebenzi yokubeka amaqanda, ukuhambelana kokutya akunyanzelekanga: umgangatho we-pellet oguquguqukayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu beqanda, amandla eqokobhe, kunye nemveliso yenkukhu.
Olu phononongo lwetyala luhlola umzi-mveliso wokondla amaqanda eJalisco, ilizwe elikhulu eMexico elivelisa amaqanda, owathatha indawo yomzi-mveliso wokutya amaqanda asele ekhulile ngeHongyang ring dies ekuqaleni kuka-2025. Kwiinyanga ezili-12, umzi-mveliso wagcina iitoni ezisi-8 ze-metric ngeyure kunye ne-pellet durability index (PDI) rhoqo ngaphezulu kwama-94%, wanciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi malunga nama-30%, waza waxela ukuba ubungakanani beqanda buphuculwe ngokulinganiselayo kubathengi bawo bokutya amaqanda adibeneyo.
1. Ishishini lamaqanda laseMexico: Ubungakanani kunye nokubaluleka
Icandelo leenkukhu laseMexico liyintsika yokhuseleko lokutya kwesizwe. Iinkukhu ezili-173 lezigidi ezizalela amaqanda kweli lizwe - umhlambi omkhulu weenkuku eLatin America - zivelisa amaqanda atyiwa ngesantya esiphezulu ngomntu ngamnye naphi na emhlabeni. Ngokutsho kweMexican Poultry Producers Association (UNA), umMexico oqhelekileyo utya amaqanda angama-392 ngonyaka, ngaphambi kweColombia ekwindawo yesibini ngamaqanda angama-291.
Eli shishini ligxile phakathi kwezikhulu ezidityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo kunye neefektri zorhwebo ezizimeleyo. I-PROAN, enezilayi ezingama-34 ezigidi, yinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni yamaqanda. I-Bachoco, inkokheli yenkukhu eyahlukeneyo, isebenzisa izilayi ezili-12.2 ezigidi kunye neshishini layo eliphambili lokufuya iinkukhu. I-Empresas Guadalupe, i-El Calvario, kunye ne-Gena Agropecuaria nganye ilawula izilayi ezili-10 ezigidi nangaphezulu. Ngaphantsi kwezi titans, uninzi lweefektri zokutya eziphakathi zibonelela ngeefama ezizimeleyo ezikwiJalisco, eGuanajuato, ePuebla, naseNuevo León.
Ishishini lokutya laseMexico livelise iitoni ezingama-41 ezigidi ngo-2024, libekwe kwindawo yesihlanu kwihlabathi liphela emva kweTshayina, i-United States, iBrazil, ne-India, ngokutsho kweMexican Feed Council (iConafab). Ukutya okufakwe iileya kuzisa iitoni ezingama-7.7 ezigidi ze-metric — phantse isinye kwisihlanu sayo yonke ukutya okwenziwe kweli lizwe. I-Conafab iceba ukukhula nge-2.8% kwimveliso yokutya okufakwe iileya ngo-2025, ifikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-7.9 ezigidi, iqhutywa yimfuno yasekhaya eqhubekayo kunye namathuba okuthumela ngaphandle.
IMexico ithenga phantse i-74% yeenkozo zayo zokutya, ikakhulu umbona ovela eMelika, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lelona lizwe likhulu elithumela umbona kwamanye amazwe eMelika. Njengoko izinto eziveliswa kwamanye amazwe zibangela ukwanda kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-feed mill kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuphisanayo.
2. Umthengi: I-Jalisco Layer Feed Mill
I-mill kolu phononongo lwetyala yinkampani yorhwebo ekwingingqi yaseLos Altos eJalisco, indawo ephambili yokuvelisa amaqanda eMexico. Ivelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-2,500 ze-metric feed ngenyanga, ikhonza uthungelwano lweefama zamaqanda ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwe-radius yeekhilomitha ezili-100. I-mill isebenzisa imigca emibini ye-pellet mill - enye enikezelwe kwi-layer phase-1 feed (i-calcium eninzi, ubume oburhabaxa) kunye nenye yokutya kwe-phase-2 kunye ne-phase-3.
Ngaphambi kokufakwa kweHongyang ekuqaleni kowama-2025, le mill yayisebenza ngee-ring dies ezivela kumthengisi waseYurophu kumgca wayo wokuqala wemveliso, umzi-mveliso wepellet olinganiswe nge-8 t/h. Umphathi wolondolozo wale mill uxele ngeengxaki ezimbini eziqhubekayo. Okokuqala, ubomi bokusebenza be-die bufutshane ukuya kwiiyure zokusebenza ezingama-2,500 - malunga neenyanga ezintandathu kumthamo wemveliso wemill - ngaphambi kokuba i-PDI yehle ngaphantsi kwama-88%. Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kwatshintsha phakathi kwe-6.5 kunye ne-7.8 t/h kuxhomekeke ekugugeni kwe-die, okuphazamisa ucwangciso lwemveliso kunye nokunyanzela utshintsho lwexesha elongezelelweyo ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu.
Kwindawo yokufuya iinkukhu ezisebenzisa umatshini wokufuya iinkukhu, i-PDI ibaluleke ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunemisebenzi yeenkukhu ezifuya iinkukhu. Iinkukhu ezisebenzisa umatshini wokufuya iinkukhu ezisebenzisa umatshini wokufuya iinkukhu zitya ukutya ixesha elide — ngesiqhelo iiveki ezingama-52 ukuya kuma-80 — kwaye umgangatho ophantsi weepellets ubangela ukuba iinkukhu zitye ukutya okugqithisileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zingafumani sondlo, zinciphise ubungakanani beqanda, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifumane ingeniso ephantsi ngenkukhu nganye egcinwe kuyo. Uphando lubonisa rhoqo ukuba i-PDI engaphantsi kwama-85% inxulumene nokwehla okulinganiselweyo kwimveliso yeenkukhu kunye nobunzima beqanda obuhambelanayo (Abadi et al., 2019; Abdollahi et al., 2013).
3. Indlela kaHongyang: Ubunjineli bokuDielela iRingi echanekileyo
Iqela lokuthengwa kwempahla yefektri livavanye ii-ring dies ezivela kubavelisi abathathu ngaphambi kokuba bakhethe iHongyang. Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo yayizi: ubude bexesha phantsi kwe-calcium ephezulu, iimeko zokutya ezirhabaxa; uzinzo lwemveliso kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwe-dise; kunye nokukwazi kokuxhasa ubuchwephesha bomthengisi ukwenza ngcono umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa.
UHongyang ucebise i-ring die eyenzelwe wena ngokweenkcukacha ezilandelayo:
Ifaniswe nomzekelo we-pellet mill okhoyo
Yenzelwe ukutya kwesigaba sokuqala esinomthamo we-calcium oyi-3.8–4.2% kunye ne-15–16% yeproteni eluhlaza
Uyilo lokunceda olunezinyathelo ezininzi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye namandla okungqubana
Intsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu ene-chromium enokuqina kwe-vacuum ukuya kwi-Rockwell hardness 58–62 HRC
Ipolished-mirror ukuya kwiRa ≤ 0.4 μm
Ukukhethwa komlinganiselo wokucinezelwa kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Ukutya okuneeleyara kuqulathe i-calcium ephezulu (ngesiqhelo i-3.5–4.5%) evela kwi-limestone kunye ne-oyster shell ezongeziweyo, ezirhabaxa ngokwemvelo kwaye zikhawulezisa ukubola. Umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa ophantsi kakhulu uvelisa ii-pellets ezibuthathaka; eziphezulu kakhulu zivelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo bokungqubana, zinciphisa iivithamini ezinobuthathaka kubushushu kunye nee-amino acids. Iqela lobuchwephesha likaHongyang lisebenze nengcali yesondlo se-mill ukuze babonise umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-L/D ngokusekelwe kumxholo wamafutha wefomyula ethile, inqanaba lefayibha, kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana.
Iidayi zenziwe kwiziko laseHongyang eLiyang, eJiangsu, kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokubhola izibhamu ze-CNC kunye neentambo zonyango lobushushu nge-vacuum. Idayi nganye yaqinisekiswa yi-PDI kwisixhobo sokuvavanya i-pellet esisebenza ngokutya okumiselweyo ngaphambi kokuba sithunyelwe.
4. Iziphumo: Idatha yokusebenza yeenyanga ezili-12
Ii-die ze-ring zaseHongyang zafakwa ngoFebruwari 2025. Le fektri ilandelele imilinganiselo yokusebenza ephambili kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezalandelayo yaza yazithelekisa nexesha elidlulileyo leenyanga ezili-12 kunye nee-die zaseYurophu.
| I-Metric | Pre-Hongyang (2024) | I-Post-Hongyang (2025) | Utshintsho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imveliso ephakathi | 7.1 t/h | 8.0 t/h | +12.7% |
| Uzinzo lwe-throughput (uluhlu) | 6.5–7.8 t/h | 7.8–8.2 t/h | Ukuphambuka kuncitshiswe ngesiqingatha |
| I-PDI (umndilili wenyanga) | 89.2% | 94.6% | +5.4 pp |
| Ubomi benkonzo yokufa | ~iiyure ezingama-2,500 | >3,200 iiyure (eziqhubekayo) | +28% ubuncinci |
| Ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga | ~iiyure ezili-18/ngenyanga | ~iiyure ezili-12/ngenyanga | -33% |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (kWh/t) | 16.8 | 15.1 | -10.1% |
Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo yokusebenza yayikukuzinza kokuphuma kwemveliso. Ngee-dies zangaphambili, amandla emveliso ehla kakhulu emva kweeyure zokusebenza ezimalunga ne-1,200 njengoko ukuguguleka kwemingxunya kwakwanda, nto leyo eyanciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo. Ii-dies zaseHongyang zigcine i-geometry yemingxunya ehambelanayo kude kube ziiyure ezingama-3,000, nto leyo evumela ukuba i-mill isebenze ucwangciso lwe-single-shift ngokuthembekileyo - isusa isidingo sexesha elongezelelweyo kwaye inciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwehle malunga ne-10%, oku kubangelwa kuyilo lwemingxuma yokukhulula enezinyathelo ezininzi enciphisa ukumelana nokungqubana ngexesha lokwenziwa kweepellet. Kwizinga lombane wemizi-mveliso yaseMexico — phakathi kwezona ziphezulu eLatin America — oku kuguqulelwe ekubeni kugcinwe imali nyanga zonke ngendlela enokulinganiswa.
Ilebhu yokulawula umgangatho wefektri ibike ukuba i-PDI ibinomyinge wama-94.6% kwiisampuli zenyanga ezithathweyo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-89.2% ngaphambili. Umxholo wezohlwayo kwisango lefama wehle ukusuka kwi-6.5% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-3%, umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wemisebenzi yokubeka iileya apho izohlwayo zimele ilahleko yezoqoqosho kunye negalelo elinokubakho ekusebenzeni komhlambi ongalinganiyo.
5. Ingxelo yabathengi kunye nefuthe elingaphantsi
Umphathi jikelele wefektri uqaphele ukuphucuka okuthathu komgangatho ngaphaya kwemilinganiselo yobungakanani:
Izikhalazo zabathengi malunga nomgangatho weepellets — ingakumbi ukubola kokutya kwiinkqubo zokutya ezizenzekelayo — zehle kakhulu. Lo matshini ukhonza iifama usebenzisa ii-chain feeders kunye nee-pan feeders, zombini ezibangela ukuba iipellets zibe phantsi koxinzelelo loomatshini. I-PDI ephezulu ithetha ukuba iintlawulo ezimbalwa ziqokelelana kwimibhobho yokutya, nto leyo enciphisa inkunkuma kunye nomsebenzi wokucoca abalimi.
Abathengi abaninzi abadibeneyo baxele ukuba ubunzima beqanda buyafana, nto leyo abayibiza ngokuba kukutya okuqhelekileyo. Nangona i-mill ingalawuli izinto eziguquguqukayo kwifama ezifana nezindlu, umoya, okanye ulawulo lwempilo, ulwalamano phakathi komgangatho we-pellet ozinzileyo kunye nokusebenza komhlambi ozinzileyo lubhalwe kakuhle kwiincwadi zesayensi yenkukhu.
Iqela lolondolozo lwefektri liyixabisile into yokuba utshintsho lwefektri lunciphile. Utshintsho ngalunye lwefektri lufuna ixesha lokungasebenzi kwemveliso iiyure ezi-4-6 ukuze kuqhawulwe, kucocwe, kwaye kulungiswe kwakhona. Ukwandisa ubomi befektri ubuncinane ngama-28% kuthetha ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kunye neshedyuli yolondolozo eqikelelweyo.
6. Umxholo weShishini: Kutheni iMveliso yokuTya okuZinzileyo ibalulekile
Kwishishini laseMexico elinomgangatho okhuphisanayo, ukutya kumela malunga ne-60–70% yeendleko zokuvelisa amaqanda zizonke. Njengoko iinkozo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe zibangela iikota ezintathu zezinto ezifakwayo kwaye ziphantsi kokuguquguquka kwexabiso lokutshintshiselana, iifektri azikwazi ukuhlawula ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemveliso okulahla izinto ezifakwayo okanye okuphazamisa umgangatho wemveliso.
Iifektri zokuphakela ukutya zaseMexico ezingama-623 — ezingama-230 ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezingama-393 zorhwebo — zisebenza malunga ne-86% yomthamo wazo odibeneyo we-47.4 yezigidi zeetoni zemetric, ngokutsho kwedatha yeConfab. Umda phakathi kokusebenza okunenzuzo kunye nelahleko uhlala umiselwa kukuthembeka kwezixhobo kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo.
Kwimizi-mveliso yorhwebo ebonelela ngeefama ezizimeleyo ezisebenzisa umaleko, umgangatho weepellet ngumahluko othe ngqo kukhuphiswano. Abalimi abafumana iipellet ezihlala ixesha elide nezihlala ixesha elide bafumana ukuvaleka okuncinci kwenkqubo yokutya, ukuchithwa kokutya okuncinci, kunye nokuveliswa kwamaqanda okufanayo - konke oku kuqinisa ukugcinwa kwabathengi bemizi-mveliso.
7. Isiphelo
Olu phononongo lweenyanga ezili-12 lubonisa ukuba indandatho eyenziwe ngobuchule iyafa - ngemilinganiselo yokucinezelwa ephuculweyo, i-metallurgy ephucukileyo, kunye ne-geometry yemingxunya emininzi - inika uphuculo olulinganisekayo ekuzinzeni kokuphuma, ukuqina kwe-pellet, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwimveliso yokutya kweeleya.
KwiHongyang, ukufakwa kweJalisco kuqinisekisa indlela yenkampani yobunjineli beedayi ezithile kumthengi. Endaweni yokubonelela ngeedayi zeeringi ezilingana nobukhulu obunye, inkqubo kaHongyang yokukhetha umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa ohambelana nokwakheka kunye nokwenza ngcono uyilo lweedayi ijongana nemingeni ethile yohlobo ngalunye lokutya - kule meko, uhlobo olune-calcium eninzi, olurhabaxa lokutya okwenziwa ngamaleya.
Ukususela ngoko, lo matshini wokugaya ii-ring dies ufake ii-odolo zeeringi kumgca wawo wesibini wemveliso kwaye uhlola iimveliso ze-roller shell zaseHongyang ukuze uphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kwendawo yokucinezela ye-pellet mill.
Imithombo kunye neeReferensi
- Umbutho Wokutya Nezolimo (i-FAO). Imveliso Yamaqanda Epheleleyo — iMexico, ngo-2024. Ithala Leencwadi laseHelgi / i-FAOSTAT.
- Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados (Conafab). IsiHlomelo soNyaka soShishino lokuTya eMexico, ngowama-2024–2025. Kuxelwe ngeSicwangciso sokuFundisa.
- Unión Nacional de Avicultores (UNA). Umbutho wabavelisi beeNkukhu zaseMexico - Uluhlu lwabemi kunye nedatha yokuThengwa kweCapita.
- I-Watt Global Media / Industria Avicola. Iinkampani ze-Egg eziPhambili eMexico, Uhlu lwamaxabiso ka-2019-2020.
- U-Abadi et al. (2019). Ukuqina kweepellet kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkukhu zenkukhu: Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo.Isayensi yeenkukhu.
- UAbdollahi et al. (2013). Ukucocwa kokutya kweenkuku zenyama: Isishwankathelo esigxininisa kumgangatho wepellet kunye nexabiso lesondlo.Isayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yokutya kwezilwanyana.
- U-Amerah et al. (2007). Ubungakanani bentwana yokutya: Iimpembelelo ekugayweni nasekusebenzeni kweenkukhu.Ijenali yeSayensi yeeNkukhu yeHlabathi.
- UCutlip et al. (2008). Impembelelo yomgangatho we-diet pellet ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-broiler.Ijenali yoPhando lweeNkukhu eziSetyenzisiweyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-30-2026
