Indawo Yokutya Inyama Yenkomo yaseMongolia Iphumelele Imveliso Ezinzileyo YeePellet kwi -35°C ngeHongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill

Ilizwe: IMongolia
Uhlobo lomthengi: Indawo yokutya yeenkomo zenyama yenkomo kunye neegusha ephakathi (iinkomo zentloko eziyi-8,500, iigusha eziyi-12,000, indawo yokutya isetyenziswa de igqitywe)
Uhlobo lokutya: Iipellets zokutya ezipheleleyo zezilwanyana ezitya imfuyo (ezisekelwe kwingqolowa, ingqolowa, irapeseed meal)
Izixhobo: I-Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill ene-conditioner ende enezingqimba ezimbini, i-SFSP hammer mill, i-twin-shaft paddle mixer, i-counter-flow cooler
Imveliso Yonyaka Yokutya: Iitoni ezingama-22,000
Isiphumo esiPhambili: I-PDI iphucuke ukusuka kwi-86.2% ukuya kwi-94.6%; ukunyuka kobunzima bemihla ngemihla ebusika kunyuke nge-15% (ukusuka kwi-0.72 ukuya kwi-0.83 kg/ngosuku kwiinkomo); iindleko zokutya zonyaka zisindisa malunga ne-MNT 87 yezigidi

Imvelaphi

Icandelo lemfuyo laseMongolia liyintsika yoqoqosho lwelizwe, apho umhlambi ufikelela kwi-64.7 yezigidi zeentloko ukusukela ngo-2023, ulawulwa kakhulu ngokutya kwemveli okukhululekileyo kulo lonke ilizwe eliziihektare ezili-112 lezigidi zamadlelo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inkulu ijongene noxinzelelo olukhulu lwesakhiwo. IBhanki yoPhuhliso lwase-Asia ichonge ukudliswa kakhulu kwemfuyo kunye notshintsho lwemozulu njengezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukuwohloka kwamadlelo, iqaphela ukuba amazinga okugcina impahla adlula umthamo wokuthwala kuyo yonke imimandla - ukusuka kwi-106% entshona ukuya kwi-2,672% engazinzileyo kwi-Ulaanbaatar corridor. Ingxelo ye-ADB ichaze icandelo lemfuyo laseMongolia njengelisebenza phantsi komzekelo "womsebenzisi nomgcini" endaweni yenkqubo "yomvelisi nomfuyi", apho abelusi bephatha amanani ezilwanyana njengendlela yokonga endaweni yokugxila kwimveliso nganye.

Isiganeko se-“dzud” — ubusika obunzima emva kwehlobo elomileyo, esibonakaliswa yikhephu elinzulu, ukugqunywa ngumkhenkce, kunye namaqondo obushushu awela ngaphantsi kwe--40°C — siye sanda kakhulu phantsi kotshintsho lwemozulu. Phakathi kowama-2000 nowama-2023, iMongolia yafumana iziganeko ezintandathu ezinkulu ze-dzud. Ubusika bowama-2023-2024 bodwa bubangele ukulahleka kwemfuyo okuqikelelweyo okungaphezulu kwe-5.9 yezigidi zeentloko, okujoliswe kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezingene ebusika zisesimeni esibi somzimba ngenxa yokungondleki ngokwaneleyo kokutya okongezelelweyo. Isicwangciso sophuhliso seMongolia sika-2050 sibeka phambili ngokucacileyo utshintsho “ukusuka kubuninzi bemfuyo iyonke ukuya kwimveliso iyonke,” kunye neSigaba soku-1 (2021-2030) sijolise kwimveliso yokutya yanamhlanje njengesiseko esisisiseko.

Umsebenzi ophakathi wokutya okudityanisiweyo kwiPhondo laseTöv, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-120 kumzantsi-ntshona we-Ulaanbaatar, waqonda ukuba olu tshintsho lungxamisekile. Lo msebenzi ugcine iinkomo zenyama zenkomo ezingama-8,500 kunye neegusha ezili-12,000 kwimodeli edibeneyo yokugqiba ukutya, ifumana ingca kwiihektare ezili-170,000 zamadlelo asebusika abelwe wona. Emva kokulahlekelwa yi-dzud ka-2023-2024, iqela lolawulo lagqiba kwelokuba ukuthembela ekuncediseni ingca ebusika kuphela akusasebenzi. Bafuna ukuseka indawo yokufaka ukutya okudityanisiweyo kwindawo enokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ebusika baseMongolia, xa amaqondo obushushu ehla rhoqo ukuya kwi--30°C kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afikelele kwi--40°C.

Umngeni

Indawo yokutya yayifudula igcina iinkomo ebusika ngokutya ingca yemveli eyongezwe yirhasi ekhululekileyo kunye nengqolowa, isasazwa ngesandla kabini ngemini kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokutya ezitsalwa yitrektara. Iingxaki ezintathu ezinxulumeneyo zakhokelela kwisigqibo sokutyala imali ekutsaleni iipellets:

Ukwehla kobunzima ngexesha lonyaka. Iirekhodi zangaphakathi zasebusika ukususela ngo-2022-2023 kunye no-2023-2024 zibonise ukwehla kobunzima bemihla ngemihla kwe-180-220 grams ngentloko ngosuku ngexesha leenyanga ezintlanu zokubanda (Novemba ukuya kuMatshi). Iinkomo ezifika ebusika zinobunzima obuyi-380-420 kg zihlala ziphuma ngo-Epreli zinobunzima obuyi-340-370 kg - ukulahleka okupheleleyo kwe-40-50 kg ngesilwanyana ngasinye okumela malunga ne-MNT 320,000-400,000 kwixabiso lemarike elingasetyenziswanga ngentloko nganye ngamaxabiso enyama yenkomo akhoyo.

Ukuchithwa kokutya. Ukutya ingca ekhululekileyo kunye nokutya okuziinkozo phantsi kweemeko zasemathafeni anomoya kubangele amazinga okuchitha aqikelelweyo angama-25-30%, njengoko amasuntswana okukhanya ayevuthuza kwiindawo zokutya ngaphambi kokuba kutyiwe. Iigusha zachaphazeleka kakhulu, iinkozo zerhasi ezincinci zalahleka zigqunywe likhephu kwaye zingafikeleleki kumhlambi.

Umgangatho wokutya okongezelelweyo ongaguqukiyo. Olu shishino luye lwazama ukuthenga ukutya okudityanisiweyo kwifektri ekufutshane ne-Ulaanbaatar ngexesha lasebusika lika-2023, kodwa ukuqina kweepellet bekungaguquki. Uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri lweendawo ezithengiweyo lubonise ukuba amaxabiso ePellet Durability Index (PDI) atshintshatshintsha phakathi kwe-83% kunye ne-88%. Uthutho olungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-120 zeendlela ezinethafa elincinci kunye negrabile - kunye namaqondo obushushu abandayo abangela iipellets ezingasebenzi kakuhle - kuthetha ukuba iindleko kwindawo yokutya zihlala zidlula i-18% ngobunzima xa zifika.

Iqela lezilwanyana libhale ipateni ephindaphindayo: iinkomo ezitya kakhulu iinxalenye ezincinci zibonise ukwanda kwe-ruminal acidosis, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ibangelwa kukubila ngokukhawuleza kweenxalenye ezincinci ze-carbohydrate ezidlula ukurhawuzelela okuqhelekileyo. Olu phononongo luhambelana nophando lwesondlo se-ruminant olusekwe lubonisa ukuba ukuthembeka kwee-pellets kuchaphazela ngqo impilo ye-rumen kwiinkomo zokutya.

Isisombululo sikaHongyang

Ngo-Agasti 2025, iLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. yazisa yaza yayalela umgca opheleleyo wokufaka iipellets ojoliswe kwi-HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill, owenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-Pellet Mill: I-HYPM-508, injini ephambili eyi-132 kW, ububanzi bangaphakathi be-ring die obuyi-508 mm
I-Ring Die: Intsimbi engenasici X46Cr13, i-vacuum eqinileyo kwi-HRC 54-56, ububanzi bomngxuma obuyi-6.0 mm, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo 1:8.5
Inkqubo Yokulungisa: I-conditioner eyongeziweyo enezingqimba ezimbini ene-insulation yejakethi yomphunga (ixesha lokugcina liyimizuzwana engama-55-70, ubushushu be-mash buyi-75-80°C kwindawo yokungena)
Izixhobo eziNcedisayo: I-Hongyang SFSP hammer mill (90 kW, isikrini se-3.0 mm), i-twin-shaft paddle mixer (1,000 kg/batch), i-counter-flow cooler ene-insulation air intake
Uyilo oluphuhlisayo: 4.0-4.5 iitoni/ngeyure kwisidlo esipheleleyo sezilwanyana ezitya inyama

Izigqibo ezintathu zobunjineli zibonakalise ukuba zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle ebusika:

Uyilo lwemozulu ebandayo. Ubusika baseMongolia buthetha ukuba iinkozo ezigcinwe kwiindawo ezingafudunyezwanga zinokufikelela kwi -25°C okanye ngaphantsi ngexesha lokutya. Iiconditioner eziqhelekileyo ezinee-single layer ezigcina imizuzwana engama-20-30 azinakuzisa i-frozen mash kwiqondo lobushushu be-gelatinization. Iqela lobunjineli laseHongyang lichaze i-double-layer conditioner ende enexesha elifanelekileyo lokugcina imizuzwana engama-55-70 kunye ne-steam injection kwi-5.0 bar — ephezulu kune-3.5-4.0 bar eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Ijakethi ye-conditioner yayisongelwe nge-50 mm mineral wool insulation kwaye yagqunywa ngentsimbi egqunyiweyo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqalisa kwi- -28°C ambient, inkqubo ifikelele rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu e-mash angama-75-80°C kwindawo yokungena ye-die, okuvumela amazinga e-starch gelatinization angama-35-38% njengoko kuqinisekiswe luvavanyo lwe-iodine staining.

Ukulungiswa komlinganiselo wokucinezelwa kweringi kwiindlela zokutya ezitya inyama yenkomo. Ifomyula yokutya yale nkqubo — i-35% yerhasi, i-20% yengqolowa, i-25% yengca yengca (ecoliweyo ukuya kwi-3.0 mm), i-15% yesidlo se-rapeseed, i-5% yemineral-vitamin premix — ibonakalise iprofayili enzima yokugaya iipellets. Umxholo ophezulu wefayibha evela kwingca kunye nebran unciphisa ukubopha kwendalo, ngelixa i-grind ecolekileyo ethandwa zisondlo se-ruminant (1.5-2.5 mm) inika indawo encinci yomphezulu we-starch gelatinization xa kuthelekiswa nokutya kwenkukhu okucoliweyo. Iqela lesicelo laseHongyang lenze uvavanyo lweentsuku ezine kwindawo ngefomyula yokwenyani yasebusika, livavanya umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa we-1:7, 1:8.5, kunye ne-1:10. Umlinganiselo we-1:8.5 — usebenzisa idayethi ye-6.0 mm enobude boxinzelelo obusebenzayo be-51 mm — unikezele ngokulinganisela okufanelekileyo: i-PDI ye-94.6% (indlela yeHolmen, evavanyiweyo emva kokukhenkceza iiyure ezingama-24 kwi--30°C ukulinganisa iimeko zothutho lwasebusika) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla athile kwe-22.4 kWh/tonne kwi-pellet mill motor. Umlinganiselo we-1:10 wonyuse kancinci i-PDI ukuya kwi-95.8% kodwa wonyusa amandla athile ukuya kwi-27.1 kWh/tonne, ukunyuka kwe-21% isakhiwo seendleko zamandla e-diesel-generator yokusebenza asikwazanga ukufunxa. Umlinganiselo we-1:7 uvelise i-PDI ye-89.3% kuphela, ngaphantsi kweyona njongo incinci ye-90% yomsebenzi.

Inkqubo yokufudumeza iidayi ezimelana nokuqandisa. Ngaphambi kokutshintsha kwemveliso yasebusika nganye, iidayi zeringi kunye neerola zazifudunyezwa ngokuqhuba umtshini ngaphandle komthwalo apho umphunga udlula kwi-conditioner imizuzu engama-25-30, ukunyusa ubushushu beedayi ukuya kuma-28-32°C ngaphambi kokungeniswa kokuqala kwe-mash. Le nkqubo - ebhalwe kwi-Mongolian-language standard operating procedure (SOP) eyaphuhliswa ngokubambisana ziinjineli zaseHongyang kunye neqela lolondolozo le-feedlot - yasusa iziganeko zokuvaleka kweedayi eziqala ngokubandayo ezazichongiwe njengomngcipheko ngexesha lesigaba sophononongo loyilo.

Iziphumo

Emva kweenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini zokusebenza, kuquka nomjikelo opheleleyo wasebusika (ukusuka ngoNovemba 2025 ukuya kuMatshi 2026), imveliso yangaphakathi yelokishi kunye neerekhodi zezilwanyana zibhale oku kulandelayo:

Utshintsho lweMetric Pre-Hongyang (Ubusika 2023-2024) Emva kweHongyang (Ubusika 2025-2026)
— — — — —
Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet (PDI) 86.2% (ifidi ethengiweyo) 94.6% (kwindawo) +8.4 amanqaku
Isohlwayo sokutya esibekwe ecaleni 18.3% 5.1% -13.2 amanqaku
Iinkabi zinyuka imihla ngemihla -0.18 kg/ngosuku (ukulahleka) +0.83 kg/ngosuku (ukwanda) +1.01 kg/ngosuku inethi
Igusha iyanda imihla ngemihla ebusika -0.06 kg/ngosuku (ukulahleka) +0.19 kg/ngosuku (ukwanda) +0.25 kg/ngosuku inethi
Izinga lokuchitha ukutya 27% 6% -21 amanqaku
Amandla athile e-pellet mill — 22.4 kWh/tonne —
Ubomi bokusebenzisa i-ring die — iitoni ezingama-7,200 (eziqhubekayo) —
Ixabiso lokutya lonyaka (22,000 t) MNT 3.41 billion MNT 3.32 billion -MNT 87 million

Utshintsho ukusuka ekunciphiseni ubunzima basebusika ukuya ekunyukeni kobunzima basebusika lumele isiphumo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Kwiinkomo zodwa, utshintsho ukusuka ekulahlekelweni yi-0.18 kg/ngosuku ukuya ekuzuzeni i-0.83 kg/ngosuku kwiintsuku zasebusika ezili-150 lubonisa ukuphucuka okupheleleyo malunga ne-151 kg ngentloko nganye - okulingana nobunzima obongezelelweyo obuthengiswayo obuxabisa malunga ne-MNT 1.2 yezigidi ngesilwanyana ngasinye kumaxabiso enyama yenkomo ngo-Epreli 2026. Kuzo zonke iinkomo ezingama-8,500, inzuzo yengeniso yonyaka eqikelelweyo idlula i-MNT 10 yeebhiliyoni.

Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokutya ukusuka kwi-27% ukuya kwi-6% - ukuphucuka kwamanqaku angama-21 ekhulwini - kubangela isabelo esikhulu sokonga iindleko zokutya zonyaka ze-MNT ezingama-87 ezigidi. Uhlobo lwe-pellet lususe ingxaki yokulahlekelwa ngumoya eyayibangele ukondliwa kwengca ekhululekileyo kunye nengqolowa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ngelixa ukuqina okuphuculweyo kwaqinisekisa ukuba ii-pellet zihlala zilungile ngokusasazwa kwe-auger ngoomatshini kunye neemeko zokukhenkceza.

I-ring die igqibe iitoni ezingama-7,200 zomphumo ngoJuni ka-2026 kwaye yaqhubeka isebenza, kunye nokulinganiswa kokuguguleka kwebhore ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwenyanga kubonisa iipateni zokuguguleka ezifanayo kakuhle ngaphakathi komda oqikelelweyo weHongyang we-8,500-9,000 yeetoni - okuhambelana nokusebenza okubhalwe kwimeko yereferensi yemozulu ebandayo yase-Estonia yenkampani.

Ingxelo yabathengi

UBatbayar Ganbold, umphathi wemisebenzi yelokishi, uthethe ngale projekthi kuphononongo lukaJuni 2026:

“Sicinge ngezixhobo ezivela kubaboneleli baseTshayina, baseYurophu, nabaseRashiya. IHongyang iphumelele kulungiselelo lobuchwephesha. Iinjineli zabo zichithe iveki kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba sityikitye isivumelwano, zilinganisa umxholo wethu wokufuma kwerhasi, zivavanya iimpawu zethu zokusila ingca, kwaye zihlalutya iirekhodi zethu zobushushu basebusika kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo. Babuye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-ring die kunye nenkcazo ye-conditioner ebalwe ngokukodwa kwizixhobo zethu ezikrwada kunye nemozulu yethu - hayi isindululo sekhathalogu. Akukho mthengisi wenza loo msebenzi wesikolo.”

UGanbold uqaphele ukuba izinga lokufa kwezilwanyana ebusika - elifikelele kwi-6.2% ngexesha lonyaka ka-2023-2024 - lehle laya kwi-1.7% ngo-2025-2026, nto leyo ayibanga yingxaki enkulu kukungena kwezilwanyana nokugcina imeko yomzimba yazo ingcono kwisidlo esipheleleyo esifakwe iipellet. Wongeze ngelithi isilwanyana esisandul’ ukutya sandise amandla aso okugqiba ngeentloko ezingama-2,000 kwaye wacebisa iHongyang ukuba iye kwindawo eselumelwaneni kwiPhondo laseSelenge ejongene nemingeni efanayo yokutya ebusika.

Isiphelo

Ityala lePhondo laseTöv libonisa ukuba ukufakelwa kweepellets zokutya okudityanisiweyo ngetekhnoloji ye-ring die eyenziwe kakuhle kunokutshintsha ngokusisiseko ulawulo lwemfuyo yasebusika kwimozulu embi kakhulu yelizwekazi laseMongolia. I-HYPM-508 yaseHongyang inikezele ngeepellets zokutya ezizinzileyo nezihlala ixesha elide kwiinyanga ezintandathu zasebusika ezilandelelanayo kunye namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi--35°C, okuvumela olu tyando ukuguqula ukulahleka kobunzima bexesha lonyaka kube kukwanda kobunzima rhoqo. Iintsika ezintathu zobugcisa zempumelelo - ukulungiswa okwandisiweyo kwezinto ezikrwada eziqandisiweyo, ukuhambelana komlinganiselo wokucinezelwa ngokuchanekileyo kokutya kwezilwanyana ezikrwada ezinefayibha ephezulu, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezingangenisi qhwa - zibonelela ngereferensi ephindaphindwayo yokuhlaziywa kwecandelo lokutya elibanzi laseMongolia phantsi koMbono ka-2050.

Eli tyala likwagxininisa isifundo esibanzi sokuthengwa kwezixhobo zokutya ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwemfuyo: ixabiso lobunjineli bezicelo lidlula iinkcukacha zekhathalogu. Njengoko imakethi yokutya okudityanisiweyo yaseMongolia ikhula — i-6Wresearch iceba ukuba eli candelo likhule ngokuthe chu ukuya kutsho ngo-2031, liqhutywa zizikhuthazo zomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente zokuvelisa imveliso eyomeleleyo — ababoneleli bezixhobo abatyala imali kuhlalutyo lokwenziwa kwendawo kunye nobunjineli obuhambelana nemozulu baya kuba kwindawo engcono yokuxhasa utshintsho lwelizwe ukusuka ekufuyeni okubanzi ukuya kwiinkqubo zokutya ezivelisayo nezizinzileyo.