Kwimveliso yokutya yanamhlanje, umgca wokuvelisa iipellet umele isiseko somsebenzi wonke wokucubungula. Xa kuvela iimpazamo kwizixhobo, aziphazamisi nje kuphela inqanaba lokugaya iipellet kodwa zibuyela umva ziye ekugayweni nasekuxutyweni, ziye phambili ziye ekupholiseni nasekupakishweni. Ixabiso lokungasebenzi okungacwangciswanga kwi-feed mill ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu linokudlula amawaka eedola ngeyure xa kujongwa ukulahleka kwemveliso, ukungahoyi kwabasebenzi, kunye nokulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa. Eli nqaku lihlola iimpazamo ezihlala zisenzeka kwimigca yokuvelisa iipellet, lihlalutya izizathu zazo, kwaye libonisa izisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo ezisekelwe kwimigaqo yobunjineli boomatshini kunye namava entsimi. Injongo ayikokukhuthaza naluphi na uphawu kodwa kukubonelela abavelisi bezondlo ngeenkqubo zokuxilonga ezinokusebenza ezinciphisa ixesha eliphakathi lokulungisa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo ngokubanzi.
Ukuvaleka Kokufa kunye noSasazo lweZinto ezingalinganiyo
Ukuchongwa kweempawu
Abaqhubi badla ngokubona ukuvaleka kwe-die ngokusebenzisa izalathisi ezintathu: ukunyuka ngequbuliso kumbane oyintloko wemoto, ukwehla okukhulu kokuphuma kwe-pellet kwi-discharge chute, kunye notshintsho oluvakalayo kwisandi sokusebenza se-pellet mill - esidla ngokuchazwa njengengxolo "yokugrumba engenanto". Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-safety shear pin iya kuphuka, ibangele ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo.
Uhlalutyo lweMbango eNzulu
Ukuvaleka kwee-die akusoloko kuvela kwinto enye. Uphando lwasentsimini kwiindawo ezininzi zemveliso lubonisa indlela efanayo: ukusebenzisana phakathi komgangatho we-conditioning yezinto kunye nokungafani kwee-die specification. Xa i-steam conditioning ingaphumeleli ukufikelela kumxholo wokufuma ojoliswe kuwo we-15-17% kunye nobushushu be-80-85°C, i-mash feed ingena kwi-die ingenaplastiki eyaneleyo. Izinto emva koko ziqina ngokungalinganiyo kwimingxunya ye-die, zenze iindawo ezixineneyo ezixineneyo ezithi ngokuthe chu zinciphise indawo ye-die esebenzayo.
Esinye isixa-mali kukuqokelelwa kwee-fines kunye neziqwenga zesinyithi kwimingxuma ye-die. Nokuba kukho ii-magnetic separator ezifakwe phezulu, ii-sub-millimeter ferrous particles zinokungena kwiindonga zemingxuma ye-die, zonyusa ii-friction coefficients nge-15-30% kwimijikelo emininzi yemveliso.
Isisombululo esiCwangcisiweyo
Indlela yokulungisa ilandela inkqubo enamanqanaba amathathu:
Yeka ukufaka ukutya, tshintshela kumxube wembewu yeoyile (ngesiqhelo i-5–8% yeoyile equlathe) kwaye usebenzise umshini wokugaya ngesantya esiphantsi imizuzu emi-3–5. Ioyile isebenza njengesithambisi, ikhupha kancinci kancinci izinto ezixineneyo kwimingxunya yokudaya. Le ndlela ibuyisela malungaAma-70% ee-dies ezivaliweyongaphandle kokufuna ukususwa kwedayi.
Ukuba iSigaba 1 asiphumeleli, susa i-die assembly uze uhlole umqolo ngamnye wemingxunya phantsi kokukhanya okwaneleyo. Sebenzisa isibhamu sokucoca esinomoya esineenaliti zentsimbi eqinileyo ezihambelana nobubanzi bomngxuma wokuqala. Ungaze usebenzise izixhobo zokucoca ezinkulu kakhulu, njengoko zandisa imingxunya ye-die kwaye zitshintsha umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa ngokusisigxina.
Hlola iiyure ezingama-48 zokugqibela zeengxelo zemveliso. Lungisa uxinzelelo lomphunga ukuze ugcine ubushushu obufanayoIbha eyi-2.0–2.5kwindawo yokungena yeconditioner. Qinisekisa ukuba i-feeder speed ramp-up curve ivumela i-die ukuba ifikelele kumlinganiselo wobushushu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukondliwa ngomthwalo opheleleyo - ixesha lokufudumeza lemizuzu emi-3-5 ngesantya sokutya se-50% linciphisa kakhulu izehlo zokuvaleka kwe-cold-start.
Umgangatho wePellet ongaguqukiyo kunye neSalathiso sokuQina okuPhantsi
Ukuchongwa kweempawu
Ukungalingani komgangatho kubonakala ngokuba iipellets ezinobude obahlukeneyo (ukunyamezelana okujoliswe kuko ±10% kudlule), iifine ezigqithisileyo kwi-cooler discharge (ngaphezulu kwe-3% ngobunzima), kunye nePellet Durability Index ehla ngaphantsi komgangatho weshishini.I-95% yokutya kweenkuku or I-97% yokutya emanzini.
Uhlalutyo lweMbango eNzulu
Isalathisi sokuqina kwepellet silawulwa ziinguqu ezintathu ezixhomekeke kwenye: umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa kwedayi, ukusasazwa kobungakanani bento esemhlabeni, kunye nokusebenza kwe-binder phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokulungisa imeko. Ukuxilongwa okungalunganga okuqhelekileyo kubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuqina kuphela. Nangona ukuguguleka kwedayi kuyinto ebalulekileyo - idayisi esebenza ngaphaya kweetoni ezingama-50,000–60,000 zokuphuma kwayo kudla ngokubonisa ukwanda komngxuma okunokulinganiswa - eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukungangqinelani kobukhulu bedayi ukusuka kwinqanaba lokusila. Xa i-hammer mill ivelisa ukusasazwa kobukhulu bedayi ebanzi enomgangatho oqhelekileyo wejometri odlula i-2.0, iifines zizalisa izithuba eziphakathi kwamasuntswana amakhulu kwimingxuma yedayi, nto leyo edala i-shear planes ebuthathaka kwi-pellet egqityiweyo.
Isisombululo esiCwangcisiweyo
Ulandelelwano lokuxilonga kufuneka luqale phezulu:
Qokelela iisampulu kwindawo yokuxuba rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini ukuze usebenze ixesha elizeleyo. Sebenzisa i-Ro-Tap sieve shaker ene-seeves kwi-300, 500, 1000, kunye ne-2000 microns. I-D50 ekujoliswe kuyo yokutya kweenkuku eziqhelekileyo yiIi-microns ezingama-600–700kunye nokuphambuka okusemgangathweni kwejometri ngaphantsi kwe-1.8. Ukuba ukuphambuka kudlula lo mda, jonga imeko yesikrini se-hammer mill kunye nokususwa kwencam ye-hammer.
Linganisa umahluko wobushushu phakathi kokungena kwe-conditioner kunye ne-outlet. Ukuwa okungaphezulu kwe-5°C phakathi kokungena kwe-steam kunye ne-conditioned mash kubonisa ukulahleka kobushushu nge-conditioner barrel - okubangelwa kukungagqumi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukuqokelelwa kwe-condensate kumgca womphunga. Faka i-steam trap ngaphakathi kweemitha ezi-3 ukusuka kukungena kwe-conditioner kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo qho ngeveki.
Qinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwedayi (ubude bomngxuma obusebenzayo obahlulwe ngobubanzi bomngxuma) uhambelana nomxube. Kwisondlo seenkuku zenkukhu esiqhelekileyo esine-12–14% yokufuma emva kokupholisa, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo we1:8 ukuya ku-1:10kufanelekile. Kwizondlo zezilwanyana ezitya inyama ezinefayibha eninzi, umlinganiselo1:10 ukuya ku-1:12inika ukuqina okungcono.
Ukwehla koMsebenzi ngaphandle kokubonisa impazamo ngokucacileyo
Ukuchongwa kweempawu
Le yeyona ngxaki yemveliso ifihlakeleyo: i-pellet mill iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-alamu okanye iziphene ezibonakalayo, kodwa i-nominal flowput iyehla kancinci kancinci10–20%kangangeeveki ezininzi. Abaphathi bemveliso badla ngokukwamkela oku “njengokuguguleka okuqhelekileyo” baze bahlawule ngokwandisa iiyure zokusebenza, nto leyo efihla ingxaki engundoqo kwaye idibanise iindleko zamandla.
Uhlalutyo lweMbango eNzulu
Ukwehla kancinci kancinci komthamo wemveliso kudla ngokuvela kwimithombo emithathu:
Njengoko iishelufu zerola ziguga, i-engile ye-nip phakathi kwerola kunye ne-die iyatshintsha. Irola egugileyo enobubanzi obuphantsi bangaphandle ifuna ukujikeleza okungakumbi ukuze icinezele umthamo ofanayo wezinto. Kucetyiswa ukuba itshintshwe xa ububanzi bangaphandle buncipha ngaphezu3mmkwiinkcukacha zokuqala.
Inkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokufunxa iqokelela uthuli kwiiblade zefeni, kwiindawo zokutshintsha ubushushu, nakwiindonga zenkanyamba. Umaleko wothuli we-5mm kwi-centrifugal fan impeller unokunciphisa ukuhamba komoya ngoku8–12%, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-cooler.
Ukwakheka kwesikali sebhoyila esinobukhulu obuyi-1mm kuphela kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu malunga10%Oku kuthetha ukuba umphunga ofikelela kwi-conditioner uthwala i-condensate engaphezulu kunye nobushushu obungabonakaliyo, nto leyo enciphisa kancinci ubushushu be-conditioner nangona indawo yevalvu yomphunga ingatshintshi.
Isisombululo esiCwangcisiweyo
Sebenzisa ishedyuli yolondolozo olucwangcisiweyo oluneendawo zokuthintela ezilinganisiweyo:
Rekhoda ububanzi bangaphandle berola xa kutshintshwa idayisi nganye. Yila isantya sokuguguleka (mm kwi-1,000 yeetoni) kwaye ucwangcise ukutshintshwa xa umgca wendlela ujonge ukufikelela kumda wokuguguleka we-3mm ngaphakathi kwefestile elandelayo yolondolozo ecwangcisiweyo — kungekhona emva kokuba sele idlulile.
Misela inkqubo yokucoca rhoqo ngekota kuzo zonke izixhobo zokuphatha umoya. Emva kokucoca, linganisa kwaye urekhode umahluko woxinzelelo olungashukumiyo kwibhedi epholileyo xa umthwalo ugcwele.Ukunyuka kwe-15%ukusuka kufundo olusisiseko lwemeko yokucoceka kubangela uhlolo olungaphandle komjikelo.
Faka inzwa yomgangatho womphunga (ukulinganisa iqhezu lokoma) kwindawo yokungena yeconditioner. Xa iqhezu lokoma liwela ngaphantsi0.92, qalisa ukubhula ibhoyila kwaye uhlole imigibe yomphunga kumgca wokuhambisa. Bhala phantsi ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwebhoyila kunye nomgangatho womphunga kwindawo yokusetyenziswa — le datha ivumela ukugcinwa okuqikelelweyo kunokuba kube kokusebenzayo.
Uhambo lobushushu bebheyari kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuthambisa
Ukuchongwa kweempawu
Iibheringi ze-pellet mill main shaft zisebenza kwindawo edibanisa imithwalo ephezulu ye-radial (ngesiqhelo200–400 kNkumatshini we-30–40 tph), amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (40–60°C kufutshane nedayi), kunye nokuvezwa rhoqo kuthuli olucolekileyo. Ubushushu obuphezulu obuthwala imithwalo bungaphezulu75°Cokanye izinga lokunyuka elidlula2°C ngomzuzukufuneka uphando olukhawulezileyo.
Uhlalutyo lweMbango eNzulu
Ukusilela kweebheringi kwiipellet mills kulandela ipateni eqikelelweyo. Indlela yokuqala yokusilela ayikokudinwa — okulindelweyo xa kujongwa iimeko zomthwalo — kodwa kukungcola kweegrisi kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla okulandelayo. Amasuntswana othuli lokutya akuluhlu lwe-5–20 micron mancinci ngokwaneleyo ukungena kwiiseal ze-labyrinth kodwa makhulu ngokwaneleyo ukugungqa iindlela zeebheringi. Nje ukuba igrisi ingcoliswe, ubushushu bokusebenza kweebheringi buyanyuka, nto leyo ekhawulezisa i-grease oxidation, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kwegrisi — umjikelo wokusilela okuqinisayo.
Isisombululo esiCwangcisiweyo
Isisombululo sidibanisa ulawulo lobunjineli kunye noqeqesho lokusebenza:
Ukufakela kwakhona iibheringi eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zokuthambisa ezizenzekelayo zohlobo oluqhubekekayo ezihambisa imitha yegrisi ngamaxesha acwangcisiweyo. Inkqubo kufuneka inikeze malunga0.5–1.0 cm³ yegrisi ngebheri nganye ngeyurengexesha lokusebenza okuqhubekayo, kunye nesantya esichanekileyo esilinganiswe ngobukhulu beebheringi kunye nobushushu bokusebenza.
Faka izinzwa zobushushu bebheringi ezinokukwazi ukugcina idatha. Beka imida ye-alamu kwi70°C (isilumkiso)kwaye80°C (ukucima ukutya ngokuzenzekelayo)Hlalutya idatha yendlela yobushushu veki nganye — ukunyuka kancinci kancinci kwe-0.5°C ngeveki kwiiveki ezintandathu kukubonisa ukungaphumeleli okuthembekileyo kunalo naluphi na uphononongo lobushushu olunye.
Sebenzisa igrisi ye-lithium-complex ene-dropping point encinci kakhulu260°Ckunye ne-oyile esisiseko ye-viscosity220–460 cSt kwi-40°CIgrisi kufuneka iphumelele uvavanyo lwe-ASTM D4048 copper corrosion kubushushu obuphezulu obulindelekileyo bokusebenza kwebheriya.
Isiphelo
Ukusombulula iingxaki ze-pellets ngempumelelo kufuna ukuba kudlule iindlela ezisabelayo zokuthi “yilungise xa iphuka” ziye kwizicwangciso zokuxilonga ezicwangcisiweyo. Iindidi ezine zeziphene ezixutyushwayo — ukuvaleka kwe-die, ukungangqinelani komgangatho, ukwehla kokuphuma kwemveliso, kunye nokungaphumeleli kweebhereyitha — zenza malunga ne-reactive “fix it when it break”I-80% yexesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswangakwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuvelisa ukutya.
Intambo efanayo kuzo zonke izisombululo kukudityaniswa kokulinganisa, amaxwebhu, kunye nohlalutyo lweendlela zokusebenza kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Xa abaqhubi kunye namaqela olondolozo benokufikelela kwidatha yesiseko eqikelelweyo kunye neendawo ezicacileyo zokungenelela, ixesha eliphakathi lokulungisa liyancipha kakhulu, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, iimpazamo ezininzi zinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokugcinwa okusekelwe kwiimeko.
Kubavelisi bezondlo abafuna ukuphucula ukuthembeka komgca wemveliso, indawo yokuqala ayisosixhobo esitsha kodwa yindlela eqeqeshekileyo yokuqonda nokulawula izixhobo esele zikhona. Imigaqo echazwe kweli nqaku isebenza kuzo zonke iimpawu kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-pellet mill, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo akufuneki kuchithe imali engaphezulu kwezixhobo ezisisiseko kunye noqeqesho.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-26-2026
