ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga
IBelarus ikhokela ukuveliswa kweenkukhu kummandla. Ngokutsho kweKomiti yeSizwe yezeNkcukacha-manani yeRiphabliki yaseBelarus, eli lizwe ligcine iintloko zeenkukhu ezingama-54.5 ezigidi ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2026, apho iinkukhu zibanga i-41.6% yentengiso iyonke yenyama — ukusuka kwi-40.5% ngo-2024. Kwimibutho yezolimo engama-38 yesizwe ebandakanyeka ekufuyeni iinkukhu, ezingama-20 zigxile ekuveliseni iinkukhu, zizonke zivelisa iitoni ezingama-693,000 zenyama yeenkukhu ngonyaka.
Eli nqaku libhala ngohambo lokuthengwa kwefektri yokutya iinkukhu eBelarus eyayifuna ukuphucula umgca wayo wokwenza iipellet ngefektri yokutya iipellet. Eli tyala lihlola indlela le fektri evavanye ngayo iteknoloji yokwenza iipellet, yavavanya ukukhula kokwenziwa komthengisi, yaza ekugqibeleni yafumana umgangatho ohambelanayo wepellet yokutya iinkukhu ngokusebenzisana neLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.
1. Indawo yokutya kweenkukhu zaseBelarusian: Kutheni Umgangatho weRing Die Ubalulekile
Icandelo leenkukhu laseBelarus lisebenza ngokwezinga lemizi-mveliso. UMongameli uAlexander Lukashenko, ethetha kwingqungquthela kazwelonke yophuhliso lweshishini leenkukhu eSoligorsk ngasekupheleni kuka-2024, uqaphele ukuba imveliso yenyama yenkukhu yelizwe sele idlule imfuno yasekhaya phantse ngama-60%, apho ukuthengiswa kwenyama yenkukhu kufikelela kwi-8.5% yenzuzo. Oku kungaphezulu kubeka iBelarus njengomthumeli ngaphandle kwi-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), kodwa kuthetha ukuba iifektri zokutya zijongene noxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokugcina imveliso ikhuphisana neendleko.
Ukutya kumela i-50–60% yeendleko zokuvelisa iinkukhu. Kwisitshi esivelisa iitoni ezili-100,000 zokutya kweenkukhu ngonyaka, nokuba kuphuculwe i-1% ekuqineni kweepellet - ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuchithwa kokutya - kunokuguqulela ekugcinweni kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza ezixabisa amanani amathandathu kunyaka wemveliso.
I-ring die yeyona nto iphambili kwesi silinganiselo. Yinto esetyenziswayo emisela uxinano lwe-pellet, ukuqina, umbane, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. I-ring die eyenziwe kakubi ene-diameters engahambelaniyo yemingxuma, iindawo zangaphakathi ezirhabaxa, okanye ukusasazwa kobunzima obungalinganiyo kuya kuvelisa ii-pellets eziqhekekayo ngexesha lokuthuthwa, zivelise iintlawulo ezingaphezulu, kwaye zinyanzele i-pellet mill motor ukuba isebenze nzima - zonke ezi zinto zinciphisa inzuzo.
Kwisitshingitshane saseBelarusian esichazwe apha, isigqibo sokutyala imali kwisitshingitshane se-ring die pellet esichanekileyo kakhulu siqhutywe ziinyani ezintathu zokusebenza:
1. Umgca wokutsala iinkukhu okhoyo, owafakelwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi eyadlulayo, wawuvelisa amaxabiso e-PDI angama-86–89% kwiifomyula zeenkukhu — ngaphantsi komlinganiselo we-92% ofunekayo kwimisebenzi yenkukhu edibeneyo yomatshini.
2. Utshintsho lwedayi lunyuke rhoqo ukusuka kwiiyure zokusebenza ezingama-800–1,000 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-500–600, nto leyo ebonisa ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo ngenxa yezinto ezingaphantsi komgangatho kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wemingxunya.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48 kWh/t, okubangelwa kukwanda kokumelana nokungqubana kwiidayi ezigugileyo.
2. Inkqubo yokuThenga: Ukuvavanya ukuVula kokwenziwa kweRing Die
Iqela lolawulo lwefektri, eliquka umlawuli wemveliso, injineli eyintloko, kunye nomphathi wokuthenga, liseke isakhelo sovavanyo esicwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba lithethe nababoneleli.
2.1 Iikhrayitheriya zoVavanyo loBugcisa
Iqela lichaze iindidi ezintlanu zovavanyo lwababoneleli:
| Udidi | Ubunzima | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|—|—|—|
| Itekhnoloji yokwenza imingxunya | 30% | Indlela yokubhola, ukugqitywa komphezulu ngendlela efanayo, ukuthe tye kwemingxunya |
| Unyango lwezinto kunye nobushushu | 25% | Udidi lwentsimbi, ubulukhuni obufanayo, amandla okucima i-vacuum |
| Amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso | 20% | Uyilo lomlinganiselo woxinzelelo, ukulungiswa kweepatheni zemingxunya kwizixhobo ezikrwada zasekuhlaleni |
| Isiqinisekiso kunye namaxwebhu | 15% | Ukuthobela imithetho ye-EAEU, iingxelo zovavanyo lwezinto, iimephu zobunzima |
| Inkxaso emva kokuthengisa | 10% | Ukuthunyelwa kweenjineli, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, inkxaso yobugcisa ekude |
2.2 Umbuzo weTekhnoloji yokwenza imingxunya
Umbuzo omnye obalulekileyo wobuchwephesha owawubuzwa yifektri kubathengisi bonke yayingulo: “Uyigqobhoza njani imingxuma?”
Lo asingombuzo ulula. I-ring die ye-pellet mill ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu inemingxuma emi-3,000-5,000, nganye igqojozwe kwi-ring yentsimbi enobukhulu obungama-80-140 mm. Umgangatho wale mingxuma — ukuqina kwayo ububanzi, ukuthe tye, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wangaphakathi — kumisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-pellet.
Abathengisi abasebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokugrumba ngokujika kwizixhobo ezenziwe ngesandla okanye ezizenzekelayo badla ngokuvelisa imingxunya enoburhabaxa bomphezulu (Ra) kumgama we-3.2–6.3 µm. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abavelisi abasebenzisa ukugrumba imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC ngokuhambisa ukupholisa okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu — besebenzisa i-BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) okanye izixhobo zokugrumba imipu — banokufikelela kumaxabiso e-Ra angaphantsi kwe-1.6 µm, kunye nokunyamezelana kobubanzi bemingxunya ngaphakathi kwe-±0.05 mm.
Iqela lovavanyo lomatshini waseBelarusian lityelele ababoneleli ababini abanokubakho laza lahlola amaxwebhu obuchwephesha avela kwabanye abathathu. Umahluko obalulekileyo wawubonakala phantsi kokwandiswa: Imingxunya eyombiwe nge-CNC ibonise iimpawu zesixhobo ezifanayo, ezijikelezileyo ezihambelana nokusika okukhokelwayo kwenqaku elinye; imingxunya eyombiwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo ibonise iindawo ezingaqhelekanga, ezikrazukileyo ezibonisa ukupakisha iitshiphusi kunye nokuzulazula kwedrili.
2.3 Ukukhetha oomatshini bokutya baseHongyang
Emva kwenkqubo yovavanyo lweenyanga ezine, lo matshini wokugaya unyule iLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. njengomthengisi wawo we-ring die pellet mill. Isigqibo sisekelwe kwiziphumo ezintathu:
- Ukusetyenziswa kukaHongyang koomatshini bokugrumba imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC abanokuhanjiswa kwe-coolant enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umphezulu wemingxunya ugqibelele ngokulinganisela kunabathengisi abakhuphisana nabo ngexabiso elifanayo.
- Ukuzimisela kwenkampani ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezineenkcukacha zezinto (iingxelo zovavanyo lwesinyithi) kunye neemephu zokusasazwa kobunzima kwidayi nganye yeringi — amaxwebhu okuba iqela lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wefektri linokubhekisa kumgaqo-nkqubo wezobuchwepheshe we-EAEU TR CU 010/2011.
- Inkqubo yobunjineli ephendulayo ngaphambi kokuthengisa: kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokufumana iprofayili yezinto eziluhlaza zefektri (ingqolowa yengingqi kunye nerhasi zixutywe nomgubo wesoya ongeniswe kwamanye amazwe, umswakama oqhelekileyo yi-13–15%), iqela lobuchwephesha laseHongyang licebise umlinganiselo wokucinezelwa we-1:9 kwifomyula yokuqalisa iinkukhu kunye ne-1:10 kwi-finisher, eqinisekiswa yidatha yesalathiso evela kwiindawo ezifanayo.
3. Uqwalaselo kunye noFakelo lweZixhobo
I-mill ya-odola icandelo elipheleleyo lokupeyinta elakhiwe malunga ne-SZLH420 ring die pellet mill (injini ephambili eyi-110 kW, eqhutywa yigiya). I-odolo yayiquka:
- Iidayi ezimbini zentsimbi engagqwaliyo (udidi lwe-X46Cr13 / 4Cr13): enye inobubanzi bemingxuma eyi-3.0 mm kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo we-1:9 wokutya kweenkuku zokuqala, kunye nenye enemingxuma ye-3.5 mm kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo we-1:10 wokutya kweenkuku zokugqiba iinkukhu.
- Iseti enye yeerola ezingasetyenziswanga ezineebheringi ezivaliweyo.
- I-conditioner enezingqimba ezimbini enexesha lokugcina imizuzwana eli-150–180, eyenzelwe ukufezekisa i-starch gelatinization engaphezulu kwama-30% kwi-10 t/h throughput.
- Isibandisi esisebenza ngokuchaseneyo (imodeli ye-SKLN6) kunye nesihluzi sokulinganisa esijikelezayo.
Izixhobo zathunyelwa nge-China-Europe Railway Express ukuya eMinsk, kunye neepakethe zokulwa nokugqwala kunye neebhokisi ezithintela ukutshayiswa ezichazwe kuhambo lukaloliwe oluyi-7,500 km. Ukufakelwa kwagqitywa kwiiveki ezintlanu liqela elidibeneyo leenjineli zaseHongyang kunye nabasebenzi bokulungisa befektri, kwaye ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwenziwa ngoFebruwari 2025.
Idatha yokuqalisa ihlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo kwimveliso yokuqala:
- Umthamo: 10.3 t/h kumthwalo wenjini oyi-92% (ulinganiswe: 10–12 t/h)
- Ubushushu bokukhupha i-conditioner: 86–89 °C
- I-Pellet Durability Index (PDI): 95.4% kwifomula yokuqala yenkukhu
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile: 41.8 kWh/t
4. Iziphumo Zokusebenza: Idatha Yemveliso Yeenyanga Ezintandathu
Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu zemveliso eqhubekayo (ngoMatshi ukuya ku-Agasti 2025), iirekhodi zolawulo lomgangatho wefektri zibonise oku kulandelayo:
| Ipharamitha | Umgca Welifa (Ngaphambi Kokuphuculwa) | Umgca Omtsha waseHongyang | Uphuculo |
|—|—|—|—|
| I-PDI eqhelekileyo (i-broiler starter) | 87.5% | 95.8% | +8.3 pp |
| I-PDI eqhelekileyo (i-broiler finisher) | 88.2% | 96.1% | +7.9 pp |
| Amandla athile (kWh/t) | 48.2 | 41.6 | -13.7% |
| Ubomi benkonzo (iiyure) | 550–620 | 950+ (iyaqhubeka) | +55%+ |
| Izinga lokubuyiselwa kwemali yesohlwayo (% yengeniso) | 8.1% | 3.2% | -60.5% |
| Izinga lokwenziwa kweepellet | 90.3% | ≥96% | +5.7 pp |
Ukwehla kwezinga lokubuyiswa kweentlawulo zodwa — ukusuka kwi-8.1% ukuya kwi-3.2% — kuthetha ukuba kwi-100 yeetoni ze-mash ezicutshungulwayo, umzi-mveliso ufumene phantse iitoni ezi-5 ezongezelelweyo zeepellets ezinokuthengiswa endaweni yokuziphinda uzisebenzise kwi-conditioner. Ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuthengisa ukutya kwe-broiler kunye nomthamo wonyaka wemveliso omalunga neetoni ezingama-60,000 zokutya kwe-broiler, olu phuculo lumele igalelo elikhulu kumda wokusebenza komzi-mveliso.
4.1 Impembelelo yoMgangatho woKutya kwiNdlela esebenza ngayo iiNkukhu
Ukusebenza kwe-broiler edibeneyo yefektri kubike iziphumo ezilinganisekayo ezisezantsi:
- Umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa kokutya (i-FCR) uphucuke ukusuka kwi-1.72 ukuya kwi-1.66 kwimijikelo emithandathu yokukhula, ukuncipha okwathiwa yingcali yesondlo kungenxa yokuncipha kokuqhekeka kweepellets kwaye ngokuyinxenye kukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokwenziwa kwefomyula.
- Ubunzima beentaka xa zixhelwa bunyukile, kunye nokuguquguquka kobunzima bomzimba kwehla ukusuka kwi-10.5% ukuya kwi-8.3%, okuhambelana nokutya okuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuchithwa kokutya kwiindawo zokutyela iipani kuncitshiswe ngokubonakalayo; ukubonwa kwendawo kubonise ukuba ukusasazeka kokutya kuncinci ngama-30% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha langaphambi kokuphuculwa.
5. Kuthetha ukuthini "iTekhnoloji yokwenza imingxunya evuthiweyo" xa kusenziwa
Amava emveliso yeBelarusian mill abonisa indlela ebonakala ngayo imveliso ye-matured ring die ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza, ngaphaya kweenkcukacha zobugcisa kwiphepha ledatha.
5.1 Ukungaguquguquki Kuyo Yonke Imigca
Xa i-mill yayalela i-ring die yayo yokuqala yokutshintsha ngo-Agasti 2025, iqela lolawulo lomgangatho lathelekisa i-die entsha ne-die yokuqala yokugunyazisa isebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuqalisa ii-broiler kunye noseto lomatshini. Umahluko we-PDI phakathi kwezi-dies zimbini wawungama-0.3 ekhulwini - ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki komlinganiselo - okuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa kaHongyang yayinokuphindaphindwa kwinqanaba lemveliso.
5.2 Iipateni zokunxiba ezinokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili
Idayi yokuqala yokuqalisa ukusebenza, emva kweeyure zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwama-950, ibonakalise ukuguguleka okufanayo kuzo zonke iidayamitha zemingxuma, kunye nokwanda kobubanzi obukhulu obulinganiswa kwi-0.12 mm kwibhendi ephakathi kunye ne-0.09 mm emaphethelweni. Oku kufana - isiphumo esithe ngqo sokuqina kwezinto ezihambelanayo okufunyenwe ngokucinywa kwe-vacuum - kuthetha ukuba idaya yayinokusetyenziselwa iphulo elipheleleyo lemveliso endaweni yokutshintshwa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuguguleka kwendawo.
5.3 Amaxwebhu onokuwathemba
Kwidayi nganye ehanjiswayo, uHongyang unikezele:
- Isatifikethi sezinto ezivela kwindawo yokugaya intsimbi esiqinisekisa umgangatho we-X46Cr13 kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali.
- Imephu yokusasazwa kobulukhuni ebonisa imilinganiselo yobunzima beRockwell (HRC) kwiindawo ezili-12 kubuso bedayi. Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa lwefektri luqinisekisile ukufundwa ngaphakathi kwe-±1 HRC yamaxabiso axeliweyo ngumthengisi.
- Iingxelo zokuhlolwa kobukhulu bomngxuma, iphimbo, kunye nejiyometri yebhoreyitha.
Le phakheji yamaxwebhu yayingeyonto nje eqhelekileyo. Yavumela iqela lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wefektri ukuba libonise ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yobugcisa ye-EAEU ngexesha lophicotho-zincwadi olucwangcisiweyo yiKomiti yeSizwe yaseBelarusian yoKumisa umgangatho ngoJuni 2025.
6. Imbono yoMboneleli: Indlela kaHongyang yokufikelela kwiiMarike ze-EAEU
Kwicala lomthengisi, ukubandakanyeka kweHongyang Feed Machinery kwimarike yaseBelarus kubonisa indlela ebanzi yokukhonza abathengi be-EAEU. Le nkampani, eyasekwa ngo-2006 eLiyang, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu — iziko elaziwayo laseTshayina lokwenza oomatshini bokutya — ithumele izixhobo kumazwe angaphezu kwe-15, kuquka iRashiya, iVietnam, iiPhilippines, iIndonesia, iPakistan, iJiphutha, kunye neSenegal.
Ngokukodwa kwiimarike ze-EAEU, iHongyang iphuhlise oku kulandelayo:
- Iphakheji yoxwebhu lobuchwephesha ehambelana ne-TR CU 010/2011 (ukhuseleko loomatshini) kunye ne-TR CU 004/2011 (ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi).
- Amava ngenkxaso yesatifikethi se-GOST-B, kuquka izibhengezo ze-EAC ezibhaliweyo kunye neepasipoti zobugcisa ngesiRashiya okanye ngesiNgesi.
- Amandla okuthuthwa kweenqanawa zesitimela i-China-Europe Railway Express, kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neemeko zokuphatha ezothutho lukaloliwe olunqumla ilizwekazi.
- Imodeli emva kokuthengisa edibanisa ukuthunyelwa kweenjineli kwindawo (ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezili-15 zokusebenza kwiindawo ze-EAEU) kunye nenkxaso ekude ngefowuni yevidiyo kunye nemiyalezo ekhawulezileyo.
Kwisitshi saseBelarusian, oku kuthetha ukuba xa kwavela ingxaki encinci yokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lomphunga kwinyanga yesithathu yokusebenza, iqela lobuchwephesha laseHongyang lafumanisa unobangela oyintloko - umgibe wokufuma ongaphantsi komsinga we-conditioner owawungaphantsi kobukhulu bentloko yomphunga yesitshi - kwisithuba seyure enye emva kokufumana umyalezo we-WhatsApp wesitshi kunye nerekhodi yoxinzelelo lomphunga yesitshi.
7. Isiphelo
Amava okuthengwa kwemveliso yenyama yenkukhu yaseBelarusian abonisa ukuba iteknoloji yokwenza imingxunya yeringi ayisiyonto ingabonakaliyo yokwenziwa kwayo — yeyona nto ibalulekileyo eqinisekisa umgangatho weepellet, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nobomi benkonzo yeringi kwimveliso yokutya kwezorhwebo.
Izinto ezintathu zibe negalelo kwisiphumo esiphumelelayo:
- Inkqubo yovavanyo lomthengisi olungqongqo ngobuchwephesha olubeka phambili umgangatho wokuvelisa olinganisekayo — ukugqitywa komphezulu wemingxuma, ukufana kobulukhuni, kunye namaxwebhu — ngaphezu kwamabango okuthengisa.
- Umthengisi, iHongyang Feed Machinery, otyalo-mali lwakhe ekubholeni imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC, unyango lobushushu be-vacuum, kunye noyilo lwe-die oluhambelana nesicelo oluguqulelwe kumgangatho ohambelanayo, onokuphindaphindwa kwinqanaba lemveliso.
- Inkqubo yokugunyazisa eyayiphatha izixhobo njengenkqubo edibeneyo yokugaya iipellet endaweni yokuba yingqokelela yoomatshini ngabanye, enexesha lokugcina i-conditioner kunye neenkcukacha ze-die ezihambelana neprofayili ethile yezinto ezikrwada zomatshini.
Kwimizi-mveliso yokutya eBelarus nakwingingqi ye-EAEU ngokubanzi, isifundo sicacile: xa uvavanya i-ring die pellet mill, cela ukubona imingxuma. Buza ukuba igrunjwe njani, umgangatho wayo uqinisekiswa njani, kwaye ingaba umthengisi angawunika umgangatho ofanayo kwi-die yeshumi njengakwi-die yokuqala. Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela okungakumbi ngomgangatho we-pellet kunayo nayiphi na incwadana.
Iireferensi
1. IKomiti yeSizwe yezezibalo yeRiphabliki yaseBelarus. “Inani lemveliso yemfuyo, iinkukhu kunye nokufuywa kwezilwanyana kwiifama zazo zonke iintlobo ngo-2025.” Belstat, 2026.
2. UMphathiswa Wezolimo Nokutya weRiphabliki yaseBelarus. Uqikelelo lwemveliso yemfuyo ngo-2024. Ingxelo yiBELTA, ngoFebruwari 2024.
3. UMongameli weRiphabliki yaseBelarus. Ingqungquthela kazwelonke yophuhliso lweshishini leenkukhu, eSoligorsk, ngo-Okthobha 2024. Ingxelo yiBelTA.
4. Imigaqo yoBugcisa ye-EAEU: TR CU 010/2011 (ukhuseleko loomatshini), TR CU 004/2011 (ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi).
5. I-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha bemveliso kunye neenkcukacha zolawulo lomgangatho we-ring die.
6. U-Amerah, AM, nabanye. “Ubungakanani bentwana yokutya: Impembelelo ekugayweni nasekusebenzeni kweenkukhu.” Ijenali yeSayensi yeeNkukhu yeHlabathi, 63(3), 2007.
7. Thomas, M., et al. “Umgangatho womzimba wokutya kwezilwanyana okufakwe iipellet.” Isayensi neTekhnoloji yeZondlo zeZilwanyana, 70(3), 1998.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2026
