Isishwankathelo
IBelarus, njengelungu le-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), iyaqhubeka nokuphucula amandla ayo okuvelisa ukutya kweenkukhu. Iindleko zokuvelisa ukutya zixabisa i-50-60% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso yemfuyo, nto leyo eyenza iteknoloji esebenzayo yokugaya iipellet ibe yeyona nto iphambili. Eli nqaku lihlola iimpawu zobugcisa bee-ring die pellet mills ezisetyenziselwa ukutya kweenkukhu, kugxilwe ekuchanekeni kokugrumba imingxunya kunye nempembelelo yayo ekuqineni kweepellet. Ikwaphonononga indlela abavelisi bee-ring die abakhethekileyo—ababoniswe yiLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.—abajongana ngayo neemfuno zobugcisa kunye neziqinisekiso zemarike yaseBelarus.
1. Imvelaphi yoShishino: IBelarus kunye neMarike yoMatshini we-EAEU
IBelarus ingenisa inxalenye enkulu yoomatshini bayo bezolimo, kuquka nezixhobo zokulungisa ukutya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oomatshini bebesoloko bephakathi kweendidi ezintathu eziphezulu zokungenisa, belandela ioyile eluhlaza kunye nezixhobo zokuthutha. Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-EAEU, iBelarus isebenzisa irhafu yerhafu edibeneyo, kwaye oomatshini abangeniswe eTshayina banokuxhamla kwiirhafu zerhafu ezikhethekileyo phantsi kweSivumelwano seNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho kunye noRhwebo saseTshayina-e-Eurasian Economic Union, ukuba nje ikhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo (edla ngokuba yi-8436.10 yoomatshini boshishino lokutya) kunye nesatifikethi semvelaphi (iFomu E) ziyasebenza.
Kwabalimi bokutya baseBelarusian, ukukhetha i-ring die pellet mill akusosigqibo sokuthenga nje kuphela—sisibophelelo sokusebenza ixesha elide. I-ring die, njengenxalenye yokuguguleka okuphambili, imisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-pellet, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nobuninzi bokugcinwa.
2. Umgangatho wePellet yeBroiler Feed: Iiparamitha zobugcisa kunye nomlinganiselo
2.1 Isalathisi Sokuqina KweePellet (PDI)
Umgangatho weepellet kwimveliso yeenkukhu uvavanywa ngokwenani yiPellet Durability Index (PDI), elinganisa ipesenti yeepellets ezisele zingabi nanto emva kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuwa. Inkqubo yile ilandelayo:
1. Isampulu yepellet epholileyo emeleyo iyahluzwa ukuze kususwe amaqhekeza akhoyo; ubunzima be-pre-tumble burekhodwa njenge-$W_{\text{before}}$.
2. Isampulu ifakwa kwisixhobo sokuvavanya esisebenza ngoomatshini (umz., iPfost okanye iHolmen) ixesha elimiselweyo.
3. Emva kokuwa, isampuli iyahluzwa kwakhona; iipellets ezipheleleyo ziyalinganiswa ($W_{\text{after}}$).
I-PDI (%) = \frac{W_{after}}{W_{before}} \izihlandlo ezili-100
Kwisondlo seenkuku zenkukhu, i-PDI eyi-≥ 90–95% ithathwa njengeyamkelekileyo kwezorhwebo. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-PDI ahambelana nokuphuculwa kokutya, ukutyeba okungcono, kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi wokuguqulwa kokutya (FCR).
2.2 Igalelo lokwenziwa kunye nokusetyenzwa
Uncwadi lobuchwephesha lubonisa ukuba ukwenziwa kunye nokusila kuthatha malunga ne-60% yomgangatho we-pellet, ngelixa inkqubo yokugaya ngokwayo inegalelo kwi-40% eseleyo kwinkqubo yokugaya, izinto ezintathu zinokulawulwa ngumatshini:
- Ukulungisa imeko: Ubushushu bomphunga kunye nexesha lokugcina isitya kukhuthaza i-gelatinization yesitatshi, eyona ndlela iphambili yokubopha ukutya kweenkukhu.
- Iinkcukacha zeDie: Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, ububanzi bemingxuma, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kumisela uxinano lwepellet kunye nePDI.
- Ukupholisa: Ukupholisa okunganelanga kwenza iipellets zibe buthathaka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ziqhekeke emva kokuba iipellets ziqhekeke.
3. Itekhnoloji yokwenza iRing Die Hole: Eyona nto iphambili kuMgangatho wePellet
3.1 Iiparameter zoYilo lweeBroiler Feed Ring Dies
| Ipharamitha | Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokutya iiNkukhu | Izizathu zobugcisa |
|———–|——————————-|——————|
| Ububanzi bemingxuma | 2.5–4.0 mm | Ihambelana nobukhulu bomlomo kunye nomsebenzi we-gizzard weenkukhu |
| Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo (L/D) | 1:4 ukuya ku-1:11 | Ilinganisa uxinano lwepellet kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla |
| Ubunzima obujoliswe kuyo | HRC 54–60 (unyango emva kobushushu) | Iqinisekisa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka |
| Udidi lwezinto | X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 okanye 20MnCr5 / 20CrMnTi | Isinyithi esingenasici okanye se-alloy esine-chromium ephezulu yokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka |
3.2 Inkqubo yoMveliso kunye nokuchaneka kweMingxunya
Ukuveliswa kwe-ring die echanekileyo kakhulu kulandela indlela yokusebenza elandelelanayo, apho ukubhola ngemingxuma enzulu kuyeyona nqanaba linzima kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye nokufakelwa: Iibhari ezijikelezileyo zentsimbi ye-alloy ecocekileyo kakhulu zenziwa zibe ziindawo ezingenanto zeringi. Ukufakelwa kuphucula isakhiwo sengqolowa kwaye kwandisa ukuqina, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekumelaneni nemithwalo ejikelezayo yokuxinzelela ngexesha lokufakelwa kwepellet.
2. Ukujika okurhabaxa nokugqiba: I-CNC lathes itshintsha ngomatshini ukubumba ukuya kububanzi obuchanekileyo bangaphakathi nangaphandle.
3. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokugrumba: Idayi iphakathi, kwaye izinto ezincedisayo (imingxunya yokufaka, iindlela eziphambili) ziyacutshungulwa ngomatshini.
4. Ukubhola ngemingxuma enzulu (inkqubo ephambili): Amawaka emingxuma agqojozwa kwiringi etyebileyo. Abavelisi banamhlanje basebenzisa oomatshini bokubhola ngemingxuma enzulu be-CNC abasebenzisa i-BTA okanye izixhobo zokubhola ngemipu. Ezi ndlela zibonelela ngesipholisi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-drill shank ukuze kuhlanjwe iitships rhoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imingxunya ithe tye kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi ogudileyo.
5. Ukulungisa iintsimbi (ukulungisa intsimbi): Umnyango womngxuma ngamnye ukhuliswa ngokukhululeka okufana nekhoni okanye okunezitebhisi. Oku kunciphisa ukungqubana kunye noxinzelelo lwentsimbi, okuvumela ukutya kwenkukhu ezithambileyo ukuba kuphume kakuhle kwaye kwandise ubomi bentsimbi.
6. Unyango lobushushu: Idayi iyatshintshatshintsha, ifudunyezwe, kwaye icinywe nge-vacuum. Ukucima nge-vacuum kubaluleke kakhulu kwiidayi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuthintela i-oxidation nokugcina umphezulu wangaphakathi ucocekile. Injongo kukuqina okufanayo kwe-HRC 54–60 kunye nokugqwetheka okuncinci.
7. Umatshini wokugqibela wokuchwetheza nokupolisha: Emva konyango lobushushu, i-die bore kunye neebuso ziyagqitywa. Ukupolisha okukhethwayo kwe-CNC kwii-counterbores kunciphisa ngakumbi ukungqubana.
8. Ulawulo lomgangatho: Idayi nganye ihlolwa ukuba ichanekile kangakanani na, iyafana na, kwaye umphezulu wayo ugqityiwe ngaphambi kokuba ipakishwe.
3.3 Impembelelo yoMphezulu weHole kwiPDI
Umphezulu orhabaxa okanye onemingxuma wonyusa ukungqubana phakathi kwe-feed mash kunye nodonga lwe-die, oku kukhokelela koku:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu (kWh/ton)
- Ukwanda kokuveliswa kwezinto ezincinci ngexesha lokutsalwa kwepellet
- Uxinano lwepellet olungafaniyo
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umngxuma ogudileyo nogrunjiweyo ngokuchanekileyo unciphisa ubushushu obunokungqubana, uphucula ukukhululwa kwe-pellet, kwaye unegalelo kwi-PDI ephezulu. Kwiifektri zokutya zaseBelarusian ezisebenza kwindawo ebandayo yokuthutha, i-PDI ephezulu ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ii-pellets kufuneka zimelane noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo lokuphathwa kunye nokuthutha ngaphandle kokwaphuka kakhulu.
4. Ityala loMvelisi: Indlela yoBugcisa kunye neNkonzo yoMatshini wokuTya weHongyang
I-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (ebizwa ngokuba yi-“Hongyang”) yasungulwa ngo-2006 kwaye igxile kwi-R&D kunye nemveliso yee-ring dies, ii-flat dies, ii-pellet mills, ii-hammer mills, kunye nee-mixers. Ngokungafaniyo nababoneleli boomatshini abasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ubuchule obuphambili be-Hongyang busekuveliseni ii-ring dies kunye nee-rollers ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kubandakanya ukutya kwenkukhu kunye nemfuyo, ukutya kwasemanzini, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nee-biomass pellets.
4.1 Izakhono zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo kwiMarike yaseBelarusian
- Unyango lwezinto kunye nobushushu: I-Hongyang isebenzisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo yodidi oluphezulu (umz., i-X46Cr13) kwaye isebenzisa i-vacuum quenching ukuze ifumane ubulukhuni obufanayo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Kubathengi baseBelarus, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho utshintsho oluncinci ngexesha lemveliso kunye nomgangatho we-pellet ohambelanayo.
- Ukubhola imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC: Le nkampani isebenzisa oomatshini bokubhola i-CNC ring die abakwaziyo ukuvelisa imingxunya egudileyo nebekwe ngokuchanekileyo. Olu buchule luxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iimfuno eziphezulu ze-PDI zeendlela zanamhlanje zokutya kweenkukhu.
- Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso: Uyilo lwaseHongyang luyafa kunye nomlinganiselo othile woxinzelelo kunye neepatheni zemingxunya ezenzelwe iprofayili yezinto eziluhlaza zomthengi. Kwiifektri zokutya zaseBelarus ezidla ngokusebenzisa umxube weenkozo zasekuhlaleni (ingqolowa, irhasi) kunye nomgubo wesoya ongeniswe kwamanye amazwe, olu hlengahlengiso lubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Amaxwebhu omgangatho: Idayi nganye inikwa iingxelo zesatifikethi sezinto kunye novavanyo lobunzima, ezenza kube lula ukuthobela komthengi imigaqo yobugcisa ye-EAEU (TR CU 010/2011 yokhuseleko loomatshini, TR CU 004/2011 yokhuseleko lombane).
4.2 Amava okuthumela ngaphandle kunye nohlengahlengiso kwiMarike ye-EAEU
Izixhobo zikaHongyang zithunyelwe eRashiya, eVietnam, kwiiPhilippines, eIndonesia, eThailand, eMalaysia, eBangladesh, eIndiya, ePakistan, eSyria, eIran, eYiputa, eOman, naseSenegal. Olu lwazi luchaza indlela inkampani ekwazi ngayo ukulawula uthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, amaxwebhu, kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesatifikethi.
Ngokukodwa kwimarike yaseBelarusian, ezi nguqulelo zilandelayo zibalulekile:
- Inkxaso yesatifikethi: I-Hongyang ibonelela ngamaxwebhu obuchwephesha ukuxhasa isicelo somthengi sesatifikethi se-GOST-B (uphawu lokuhambelana ne-EAEU olufunekayo ekungenisweni koomatshini).
- Uthutho: Izixhobo ezinzima ezifana nee-ring die pellet mills zihlala zithunyelwa ngololiwe oneekhonteyina kusetyenziswa i-China-Europe Railway Express, apho iMinsk yindawo ephambili yokufikela kuyo. I-Hongyang inamava ekulungiseleleni izixhobo zothutho lwesitimela oluhamba umgama omde, kubandakanya ukupakisha okuchasene nokugqwala kunye nee-crating ezithintela ukutshayiswa.
- Inkonzo emva kokuthengisa: I-Hongyang ithumela iinjineli ukuze zifakelwe kwindawo, ziqaliswe, kwaye ziqeqeshwe ngabaqhubi. Kubathengi baseBelarus, le modeli yenkonzo inciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene nokungenisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo abavela phesheya.
4.3 Uqwalaselo lweZixhobo eziMeleneyo
Nangona iireferensi ezithile zabathengi baseBelarus zingachazwanga esidlangalaleni, ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwefektri yokutya yaseBelarus efuna ukuvelisa i-5–10 t/h yokutya kweenkuku lunokuquka:
- Isixhobo esinye se-SZLH420 okanye i-SZLH508 ring die pellet, esixhotyiswe nge-high-precision gear drive kunye ne-stainless-steel ring die (ububanzi bemingxuma buyi-3.0–3.5 mm, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ohambelana nefomyula yendawo).
- Izixhobo ezixhasayo: i-hammer mill, i-batch mixer, ii-conditioner, i-counter-flow cooler, kunye ne-vibrating seeve.
- Isiphumo esilindelekileyo: imveliso ezinzileyo kumthamo ekujoliswe kuwo, i-PDI ≥ 92%, kunye nobomi benkonzo obufanayo nobemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu.
5. Ingxoxo: Ukuvavanya uMgangatho weRing Die kwiBelarusian Feed Mills
Xa kuvavanywa i-ring die pellet mill okanye i-replacement ring dies, abaphathi be-Belarusian feed mill kufuneka baqwalasele ezi zinto zilandelayo zobugcisa nezorhwebo:
1. Cacisa iinkcukacha zezinto eziluhlaza: Nika umthengisi ifomula emeleyo (uluhlu lwezithako, usasazo lobungakanani bezinto ezincinci) ukuze umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nepateni yomngxuma zikwazi ukuyilwa ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Cela isiqinisekiso sezinto: Cela iingxelo zovavanyo lwemill kunye neemaphu zobunzima. Umthengisi othembekileyo uya kuzibonelela ngaphandle kokuthandabuza.
3. Qinisekisa indlela yokugrumba imingxunya: Ukugrumba imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC ene-coolant enoxinzelelo oluphezulu yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kushishino lwangoku. Ukugrumba imipu okanye ukugrumba i-BTA kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokucacileyo.
4. Jonga amaxwebhu okuthobela i-EAEU: Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unokubonelela ngesibhengezo se-EAC esibhaliweyo kunye nepasipoti yobugcisa ngesiRashiya okanye ngesiNgesi.
5. Ukuvavanya indlela esabela ngayo emva kokuthengisa: KwiBelarus, amaxesha okuhambisa izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nokufumaneka kwenkxaso yobugcisa ekude zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza.
6. Isiphelo
Ukuthengwa kwe-ring die pellet mill yokuvelisa ukutya kwe-broiler eBelarus sisigqibo esibalulekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezorhwebo. Ukuchaneka kokugrumba imingxunya ye-ring die yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwe-pellet (PDI) kwaye, ngokongezelelweyo, ukusebenza kokukhula kwe-broiler kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zokutya. Abavelisi abadibanisa ukugrumba okunzulu kwe-CNC okuphambili, unyango lobushushu olulawulwayo, kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ezithile zesicelo—ezifana neLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.—bakwindawo entle yokwanelisa iimfuno zemarike yaseBelarus eziguqukayo.
Kwabalimi bokutya baseBelarusian, indlela eya kwiipellets zokutya ze-broiler ezikumgangatho ophezulu iqala ngovavanyo oluqatha lobuchwephesha lwe-ring die. Ngokugxila kwiiparameter ezilinganiswayo—ukugqitywa komphezulu wemingxuma, ukuchaneka komlinganiselo wokucinezelwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto, kunye nokukwazi komthengisi emva kokuthengisa—iifektri zinokwenza izigqibo zokuthenga ezizisa imbuyekezo elinganiswayo kumgangatho wepellet kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza.
Iireferensi
1. Imigaqo yoBugcisa ye-EAEU (TR CU 010/2011, TR CU 004/2011, TR CU 020/2011, TR EEU 048/2019).
2. Isivumelwano seNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho kunye noRhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-Eurasian Economic Union (imigaqo yerhafu ekhethekileyo).
3. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa iPellet Durability Index (PDI) (iindlela zokuvavanya iPfost kunye neHolmen).
4. Uncwadi lobugcisa lokwenziwa kweeringi: Ukubhola imingxunya enzulu ye-CNC, i-BTA kunye nokusetyenziswa kokubhola imipu kumatshini wokuphakela ukutya.
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. amaxwebhu obuchwephesha enkampani kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso.
6. Ikhowudi ye-HS 8436.10 – Oomatshini bemizi-mveliso yokutya okanye iziselo (uhlelo loomatshini bokulungisa ukutya).
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2026
