Isishwankathelo soLawulo
Icandelo lokutya kweenkukhu eIndiya livelisa malunga ne-40 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric zokutya okudityanisiweyo ngonyaka, apho ukutya kweenkukhu kubalelwa kwi-66% yemarike iyonke. Njengomvelisi wenyama yeenkukhu wesihlanu ngobukhulu kwihlabathi kwi-9.77 yezigidi zeetoni, abahlanganisi beenkukhu baseIndiya basebenza phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu apho ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kokutya - okuchatshazelwa ngqo ngumgangatho weepellet - kumisela inzuzo [1].
Olu phononongo lwetyala luhlola indlela i-mid-tier broiler integrator kwi-Tamil Nadu's chicken belt eyajongana ngayo nokungahambelani kwemveliso okungapheliyo ngokusebenzisa i-Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill njengeyona nto iphambili kumgca wokugqiba ukutya ohlaziyiweyo. Kwiinyanga ezingama-20 zokusebenza, le mill igcine i-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) engaphezulu kwama-94%, yanikezela ngemveliso ezinzileyo yeetoni eziyi-6.5 ngeyure, kwaye yabhala ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga elibangelwa kukusilela kwe-ring die - iziphumo ezibonisa umgangatho wobunjineli bezixhobo zaseHongyang kunye nendlela yenkampani eqeqeshekileyo yokubonisana ngaphambi kokuthengisa kunye nokufaka izicelo kwindawo.
1. Umxholo weShishini: Icandelo lokutya kweenkukhu eIndiya
Ishishini lokutya okudityanisiweyo laseIndiya lixabisa malunga ne-USD 18 yeebhiliyoni ukusukela ngo-2025, kwaye uqikelelo lufikelela kwi-USD 25.25 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030 ngesantya sokukhula konyaka se-7.0% [2]. Ukutya kweenkukhu kuphambili kulo lonke ilizwe: ukutya kweenkukhu kuphela kwenza i-66% yemarike, kuqhutywa ziinkampani ezidityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo ezilawula phantse i-80% yemveliso yenyama yeenkukhu ecwangcisiweyo.
I-Tamil Nadu iphakathi kwamazwe amane aphezulu eIndiya avelisa iinkukhu, kunye ne-Andhra Pradesh, i-Maharashtra, kunye ne-Haryana. I-Namakkal-Salem corridor entshona ye-Tamil Nadu yenye yezona qela zeenkukhu zixineneyo e-Asia, ineendawo zokutya ezingaphezu kwe-1,200 kwaye ixhasa inani leenkuku ze-broiler ezingaphezu kwe-150 yezigidi nangaliphi na ixesha. Kule meko inokhuphiswano olukhulu, abahlanganisi bakhuphisana ngexabiso lokutya ngekhilogram yobunzima obuphilayo - i-metric apho umgangatho we-pellet udlala indima enkulu.
Uphando olupapashwe kwi-Indian Journal of Poultry Science lubonise ukuba ukutya kwe-broiler okufakwe i-pelleted kuphucula ukutya okutyiwayo nge-3-5% kwaye kunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12% xa kuthelekiswa nokutya okucoliweyo. Kwi-integrator evelisa iitoni ezingama-20,000 zokutya ngonyaka, ukuphuculwa kwe-5% ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokutya kuthetha ukuba kugcinwe malunga neetoni ezili-1,000 zokutya - ngamaxabiso ombona aseIndiya angama-INR angama-22-24 ngekhilogram, oku kubonisa ukonga okungaphezulu kwe-INR ezingama-22 ezigidi (USD 265,000) ngonyaka.
2. Umngeni woMthengi
IShri Balaji Feeds, i-integrator ye-broiler ekufutshane neNamakkal, eTamil Nadu, isebenzisa inkqubo yemveliso evaliweyo equka ifama yokuzalisa iinkukhu, indawo yokufuya iinkukhu, abalimi be-broiler abaqeshwe yikontraka abayi-180, kunye nefektri yokutya yangaphakathi evelisa iitoni ezingama-24,000 zokutya okuhlanganisiweyo ngonyaka (umfanekiso ka-2024). Le nkampani ithengisa iintaka eziphilayo phantsi kwezivumelwano zokubonelela ixesha elide kunye nabaprosesa bengingqi kwaye inedumela lokufana kobunzima beentaka - uphawu oluhambelana ngqo nokuqina kwe-pellet yokutya.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, umgca weepellets ezindala zefektri yokuphakela ukutya wazisa iingxaki ezintathu zokusebenza:
Ukuphuma kwamandla okungazinzanga. I-pellet mill ekhoyo, iyunithi ye-90 kW eyenziwe ekhaya efakwe ngo-2016, ivelise ukuphuma kwamandla okuhamba phakathi kweetoni ezingama-3.8 kunye nezi-5.2 ngeyure kwi-3.5mm ye-broiler finisher pellet eqhelekileyo. Abaqhubi bathi ukuguquguquka kubangelwa kukucinezelwa kwe-die okungaguquguqukiyo - njengoko i-ring die yayigugile ngokulinganayo kumphezulu wayo wokusebenza, ukuhamba kwezinto kwahluka, nto leyo enyanzelisa uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lwesandla kwisantya se-feeder kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga.
Umgangatho wepellet ohlayo. Uvavanyo lwe-PDI oluqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa indlela ye-ASAE S269.4 tumbling lubuyisele amaxabiso aphakathi kwe-86% kunye ne-90%, rhoqo ngaphantsi komda womgangatho wangaphakathi we-integrator we-92%. Ukuveliswa kweentlawulo kwisikhululo sokufaka iingxowa kufikelele kwi-7-9% ngobunzima, nto leyo eyafuna ukuba i-mill isebenze i-scalper eyongezelelweyo kwaye isebenzise kwakhona iintlawulo ze-reground nge-pellet press - into eyandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye yazisa umahluko kubunzima be-pellet ngenxa ye-starch gelatinization ephinde yacutshungulwa.
Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwe-ring die. I-ring die yayifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-9-11. Ukutshintshwa ngakunye kwathabatha iintsuku ezimbini ezipheleleyo zemveliso, apho i-integrator yayinyanzelwa ukuba ithenge ukutya kwezorhwebo ngexabiso elimalunga ne-INR 3,500 ngetoni. Ngonyaka oqhelekileyo, oku kwafikelela kwi-INR 1.4 yezigidi kwiindleko zokuthenga ezongezelelweyo, ngaphandle kweendleko ze-INR 380,000 ze-ring die yokutshintsha.
“Umatshini wokugalela iipellet wawungumthombo wentliziyo yomsebenzi wethu wonke,” ukhumbula umphathi wemveliso wesityalo. “Xa wawusebenza kakuhle, yonke into yayisebenza kakuhle. Xa wawusokola, sasivakalelwa kukuba impembelelo yayivela kwindawo yokuqandusela iintyatyambo ukuya kwindawo yokucubungula.”
3. Uvavanyo kunye noKhetho lweZixhobo
Phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi 2024, iShri Balaji Feeds ivavanye iindlela zokutshintsha ezivela kubaboneleli abane: umenzi omnye waseIndiya, uphawu olunye lwaseYurophu olumelwe ngumsasazi wasekuhlaleni, kunye nabathumeli-mpahla ababini baseTshayina, kuquka iLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).
Uvavanyo lubeke ubunzima obuthile kwiikhrayitheriya ezintathu:
Isinyithi se-ring die kunye nokuchaneka. I-Hongyang ibonelele ngeenkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-HYPM-508 ring die yayo: i-4Cr13 (X46Cr13) martensitic stainless steel, eqiniswe nge-vacuum ukuya kwi-HRC 54-56 kumphezulu wokusebenza, enemingxuma egqojozwe ngemipu eqinisekisa ububanzi bangaphakathi obufanayo kunye nokugqitywa kodonga olugudileyo. Iingxelo zovavanyo lobunzima bomntu wesithathu kunye nokulinganiswa kwe-bore gauge zifakiwe kumaxwebhu angaphambi kokuthengisa - inqanaba lokucaca elalihlukanisa i-Hongyang kubakhuphisana nabo ababenika kuphela iinkcukacha ezimiselweyo.
Ubungakanani bombane ohambayo kunye noyilo lwamandla. Iqela lobunjineli laseHongyang libalele ubuninzi bombane obulindelekileyo obuziitoni ezi-6-8 ngeyure kwi-pellet ye-broiler finisher ye-3.5mm kwi-compression ratio ye-1:7.5, lisebenzisa i-motor ephambili ye-132 kW. Oku kuhambelana nemfuneko yangoku ye-integrator ye-6 t/h ene-headroom yokwandiswa kwixesha elizayo ukuya kwi-8 t/h. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imodeli efanayo yomthengisi waseYurophu yayifuna i-motor ye-160 kW kwimveliso efanayo, nto leyo ephakamisa inkxalabo malunga neendleko zamandla zexesha elide.
Iingxelo kunye nokuzibophelela kwinkonzo. I-Hongyang inike iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kubathengi abathathu abakhoyo e-Asia - kuquka i-integrator yenkukhu ePhilippines kunye ne-feed factory eVietnam - abaqinisekisile ukuba inkampani iyasabela emva kokuthengisa. I-Hongyang ikwazinikele ekuqaliseni umsebenzi kwindawo yokusebenza liqela lobunjineli labantu ababini, uqeqesho lwabaqhubi, kunye newaranti yeenyanga ezingama-24 emzimbeni we-ring die (ngaphandle kokunxiba okuqhelekileyo), imiqathango egqithileyo kwi-standard-year coverage enikezelwa ngabanye ababoneleli.
Ukhetho lokugqibela lwaluquka:
Izixhobo: I-Ring die pellet mill HYPM-508 (132 kW) – I-pelletizing yokuqala
Idayi yeringi eseleyo: i-ID ye-508mm, imingxunya ye-3.5mm, i-CR 1:7.5 - Imveliso yokugcina
Iqokobhe lerola (iiseti ezi-2): 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi – Iinxalenye zokunxiba
Isicoci: I-Double-shaft, 5.5 kW – Isicoci somphunga
4. Ukuqaliswa kokuQaliswa kweKhomishini kunye nokuqaliswa kweMveliso
UHongyang wathumela iinjineli ezimbini eNamakkal ngoMeyi 2024. Inkqubo yokugunyazisa yathatha iintsuku ezili-12 kwaye yaquka izinto ezininzi umthengi awathi kamva wazichonga njengezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwale fektri:
Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo. Uqhagamshelo oluphambili lwemoto lulungelelaniswe ngaphakathi kwe-0.04mm radial kunye ne-axial deviation - iqine ngakumbi kunendlela uHongyang awayechaza ngayo umzi-mveliso we-0.08mm. Iqela lobunjineli lichithe usuku lonke lilungelelanisa lodwa, lichazela abasebenzi bokulungisa befektri ukuba nokuba ukungalungelelani okuncinci kuyakhawulezisa ukuguguleka kweebheringi kwaye kungenisa ukungcangcazela okuphazamisa ukufana kweepellet.
Iprotokholi yokuqhekeza iimbotyi ze-ring die. Iinjineli zajongana nenkqubo yokuqhekeza iimbotyi ze-ring die ezithatha iiyure ezisi-8 zisebenzisa umxube womgubo wesoya onamafutha kunye ne-rice bran ecolekileyo, esebenza ngomthwalo we-60% yenjini. Le protokholi - ebeka amaqokobhe e-roller kumphezulu we-die kwaye itshisa imingxuma ye-die - yindlela eqhelekileyo kwiifektri zokutya zaseYurophu kodwa yayingaqhelekanga kubaqhubi baseNamakkal. “Besingazange senze ukuqhekeza okucwangcisiweyo ngaphambili,” utshilo umphathi wolondolozo. “Besisoloko siqala nje ukondla izinto ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye sinethemba lokuba izinto ziza kuhamba kakuhle.”
Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi. Kwiiseshoni ezintlanu, iinjineli zigubungele ukulungiswa kwesithuba se-roller (ukunyamezela ukutya kweenkukhu okungu-0.15-0.25mm), iiparameter zomgangatho womphunga (umphunga ogcweleyo ongu-0.3-0.4 MPa, ubushushu bokufa obungu-80-85 degrees C), ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka komphunga kusetyenziswa i-bore gauge, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zomgangatho we-pellet eqhelekileyo. Izixhobo zoqeqesho zishiywe ngesiNgesi nangesiTamil, zenzelwe ngokukodwa olu fakelo.
I-PDI yokuqala ilinganise i-94.8% – idlula umgomo we-92% kwaye isondela kwi-95% yomgangatho othathwa njengowomgangatho ophezulu kwimveliso yokutya kweenkukhu zorhwebo.
5. Iziphumo Zokusebenza (ngoMeyi 2024 – Okwangoku)
Emva kweenyanga ezingama-20 zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, kulungiswa malunga neetoni ezingama-36,000 zokutya kweenkukhu, i-HYPM-508 inikezele ngeziphumo ezilandelayo:
- Ubungakanani bokusebenza obusebenzayo: buphuculwe ukusuka kwi-3.8-5.2 t/h (engazinzanga) ukuya kwi-6.5 t/h (ezinzileyo), uphuculo oluyi-+25% ukuya kwi-+71%
- Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet (PDI): iphucukile ukusuka kwi-86-90% ukuya kwi-94-95%, ukunyuka kwamanqaku +5 ukuya kwi-+9
- Ukuveliswa kwezigwebo xa zifakwa kwibhegi: kuncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-7-9% ukuya kwi-2.8-3.2%, ukuncipha okungu-63%
- Ubomi benkonzo ye-ring die: buphuculwe ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-11 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-20 nangaphezulu (okuqhubekayo), uphuculo oluyi-+100%+
- Ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga (ngenyanga): lincitshisiwe ukusuka kwiiyure ezili-16 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2, ukwehla okungu-87.5%
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye: kuncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-21.6 kWh/t ukuya kwi-17.8 kWh/t, uphuculo oluyi-17.6%
Izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
Uzinzo lokusebenzisa. Ngokungafaniyo nomatshini wokugalela amanzi wangaphambili, omveliso wawo wawutshintshatshintsha ngeetoni ezili-1.4 ngeyure kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomatshini wokugalela amanzi, i-HYPM-508 igcine ibhendi encinci ye-6.3-6.7 t/h kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwayo. Abaqhubi bathi oku kubangelwa kukufana kwemingxunya yokugalela amanzi ebholwe ngemipu kunye nokuchaneka komsantsa weroller - izinto eziqinisekisa ucinezelo lwezinto oluhambelanayo kuwo wonke umphezulu womatshini wokugalela amanzi.
Ubomi bedayi obude. Idayi yokuqala yeringi ihlala isebenza emva kweenyanga ezingama-20 kunye neeyure zokusebenza ezimalunga nama-5,500, kunye nomlinganiselo we-bore gauge obonisa ngaphantsi kwe-0.3mm yokuguguleka okudayamitha kumphezulu wedayi. Olu sebenzi lubonisa ngokuthe ngqo i-4Cr13 metallurgy, inkqubo yokuqina kwe-vacuum, kunye nenkqubo yokuqhekeza ecwangcisiweyo. Ngamazinga okuguguleka angoku, umphathi wemveliso uqikelela ubomi benkonzo iyonke obungaphezulu kweenyanga ezingama-24 - ngaphezulu kwesibini umjikelo weenyanga ezi-9-11 obukhe wabonwa ngaphambili.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ukuncipha kwe-17.6% ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla ngetoni nganye – ukusuka kwi-21.6 kWh ukuya kwi-17.8 kWh – kuvelisa ukonga umbane ngonyaka okumalunga ne-INR 840,000 kwizinga lombane wemizi-mveliso laseTamil Nadu eliyi-INR 8.50 nge-kWh. Kwiminyaka eli-15 yokusebenza kwe-pellet mill elindelekileyo, olu longelo luqokelelweyo lodwa lusondela kwixabiso lokuqala lezixhobo.
6. Imbono yoMthengi
Kuphononongo olulandelayo olwenziwe ngoDisemba ka-2025, abaphathi beShri Balaji Feeds bachonge izinto ezintathu ezahlula amava aseHongyang:
Okokuqala, ukucaca kwangaphambi kokuthengisa kwakha ukuthembana ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imali itshintshe. Iingxelo zesinyithi, idatha yovavanyo lobunzima, kunye neereferensi zabathengi ngqo zibonelele ngesiseko sokwenyani sesigqibo sokuthenga esasinokuqinisekiswa ngabasebenzi bobunjineli bangaphakathi ngokuzimeleyo.
Okwesibini, umgangatho wokusebenza – ingakumbi inkqubo yokungena kunye noqeqesho lwabaqhubi – uchazwe njengotyalo-mali ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide endaweni yomsebenzi webhokisi yokukhangela. “Uninzi lwababoneleli luthumela injineli ukuba ijike iswitshi ize ihambe. Iqela likaHongyang lahlala de abaqhubi bethu bakwazi ukuqhuba umzi-mveliso bengajongwanga ngokweemfuno ezibekiweyo,” utshilo umphathi wemveliso.
Okwesithathu, impendulo emva kokuthengisa ibisoloko ihleli. Xa kwavela ingxaki encinci yokutywinwa ngomphunga kwinyanga ye-14, iqela lobuchwephesha laseHongyang lafumanisa ingxaki likude kwiiyure ezintathu laza lathumela ikhithi yokutywinwa endaweni yayo eyafika kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe - ngokukhawuleza kunexesha lokunikezelwa kweenkonzo eliqikelelweyo leentsuku ezili-10-14 ngumthengisi waseIndiya kwiindawo ezifanayo.
7. Isiphelo
Ityala leShri Balaji Feeds libonisa umgaqo odlula nayiphi na imakethi enye: kwimveliso yokutya kweenkukhu, uzinzo kwimveliso sisiseko apho kwakhelwe khona umgangatho weepellet, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi. I-Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill - ngokusebenzisa i-ring die yayo echanekileyo, i-protocol yokugunyazisa eqeqeshekileyo, kunye nenkxaso ephendulayo emva kokuthengisa - yenze ukuba i-integrator ye-Tamil Nadu ephakathi iguqule umsebenzi we-pelletizing ongathembekanga, oxabisa kakhulu ube yimpahla yemveliso ezinzileyo, eqhutywa ngumgangatho.
Kwabadibanisi beenkukhu baseIndiya abasebenzisa imakethi apho ukutya kumela i-65-70% yeendleko zemveliso iyonke, ukuthembeka kwezixhobo akuyonto ilula - yinto efunekayo kukhuphiswano. Irekhodi lokusebenza leenyanga ezingama-20 kwiShri Balaji Feeds, kuquka i-94%+ PDI, ukonga amandla kwe-17.6%, kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-zero ring die, kubonisa ukuba indibaniselwano yeHongyang yokuchaneka kwemveliso kunye nokuzibophelela kwenkonzo inika ixabiso elinokulinganiswa, elihlala lihleli kwiindawo zokuvelisa ukutya ezinomthamo ophezulu, ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.
Izalathiso zedatha: [1] I-Alltech Agri-Food Outlook / Izibalo zemveliso yokutya eIndiya; [2] I-IMARC Group, “Ingxelo yeMarike yeZondlo zeNkukhu zaseIndiya 2025-2030″; [3] Ijenali yeSayensi yeeNkukhu yaseIndiya, imiba eyahlukeneyo malunga nendlela yokutya kunye nokusebenza kwenkukhu; [4] I-ASAE Standard S269.4, “IiCubes, iiPellets, kunye neeCrumbles – Iinkcazo kunye neendlela zokuchonga ubuninzi, ukuqina, kunye nomxholo wokufuma”; [5] I-USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, “Ingxelo yoNyaka yeeNkukhu kunye neeMveliso zaseIndiya.”
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-29-2026
