ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga
Ishishini lobisi lakwaSirayeli liphethe umahluko ongenakuthelekiswa nanto naphi na emhlabeni: isivuno sobisi esiphakathi esiphezulu ngenkomo nganye kwihlabathi liphela. Nge-12,125 yeekhilogram ngenkomo nganye ngonyaka ngo-2024, iiHolstein zakwaSirayeli ziphumelela ngaphezu kweemveliso zaseDenmark (10,777 kg), e-Estonia (11,350 kg), nase-United States ngomda omkhulu, ngokutsho kweCentral Bureau of Statistics yakwaSirayeli. Emva kwale mveliso ingaqhelekanga kukho iziseko zokwenza ukutya eziphucukileyo apho umgangatho wepellet ungaxoxiswana.
Olu phononongo lwetyala luhlola indlela umenzi wokutya okudityanisiweyo wase-Israel, osebenza kwindawo yokusila kwingingqi yaseJezreel Valley kumzantsi-mpuma weHaifa obonelela ngeepellets ze-TMR zobisi kwimisebenzi yobisi engaphezu kwama-40 e-kibbutz kunye ne-moshav, afikelele kuyo ukuqina kweepellet rhoqo, ancitshiswe iindleko, kwaye aphucule imveliso emva kokufaka i-Hongyang HYPM-420 ring die pellet mill. Le ndawo yokusila ivelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-8,000 zeepellets zokutya okudityanisiweyo zobisi ngenyanga, ikhonza imihlambi evelisa ngaphezulu kweelitha ezili-100 zezigidi zobisi ngonyaka.
Imvelaphi: Umngeni Wokutya Kobisi KwakwaSirayeli
Icandelo lobisi lakwaSirayeli lisebenza phantsi kwemiqathango eyenza umgangatho wokutya ube yinto ephambili. Iifama zobisi zelizwe ezingama-620, ekupheleni kuka-2024, zilawula malunga neenkomo zobisi ezili-138,000, kwaye ifama eqhelekileyo ivelisa iilitha ezi-2.5 yezigidi ngonyaka. Ngokungafaniyo nemisebenzi yobisi emikhulu eMelika okanye eNew Zealand, iifama zakwaSirayeli zincinci ngobukhulu kodwa zinamandla kakhulu ekulawuleni. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kokutya, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu, kunye nokuchaneka kwe-total mixed ration (TMR) zizinto eziphambili ekusebenzeni kwazo okukhokelayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yobisi kwaSirayeli liqikelelwe malunga neeshekele ezi-3.9 zeebhiliyoni ngo-2024, ezimalunga ne-9.6% yemveliso yezolimo.
Zininzi izinto ezidibanayo ezenza umgangatho weepellet ube ngowona ubalulekileyo kakhulu kumhlaba wakwa-Israyeli.
Ukuxhomekeka kwiinkozo zokutya ezivela kwamanye amazwe. I-Israel ingenisa uninzi lweenkozo zayo zokutya, ikakhulu umbona, umgubo wesoya, kunye nengqolowa, nto leyo eyenza iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza zibe nomngcipheko kukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi kunye nokuphazamiseka kothungelwano lokubonelela. Ingxabano eqhubekayo phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwiindawo ngeendawo kuLwandle oluBomvu kuye kwandisa obu buthathaka. Ipesenti nganye yokusebenza kakuhle kokutya okufunyenwe ngomgangatho ophezulu wepellet iguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ekuncipheni kokuxhomekeka kokungeniswa kwempahla kunye nemida ephuculweyo yabavelisi bobisi.
Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lobushushu. Amaqondo obushushu asehlotyeni kwiindawo ezisemacaleni aselunxwemeni lwakwaSirayeli nakwiintlambo zangaphakathi ahlala edlula ama-35°C, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu kwiinkomo zobisi. Uphando oluvela kwi-Israel's Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organisation lubonise ukuba iinkomo ezixinezelekileyo ngobushushu zinciphisa ukutya okomileyo nge-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini, kunye nokwehla okufanayo kwimveliso yobisi. UMphathiswa wezoLimo wase-Israel uqaphele ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kufuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zokupholisa kunye neendlela zokulawula ukugcina imveliso yobisi. Ukutya okuxutyiweyo, okunobuninzi bako obukhulu kunye nothuli olunciphileyo, kukhuthaza ukutya rhoqo nangona kuphantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu, kodwa kuphela ukuba ukuqina kwe-pellet kuhlala phantsi kweemeko zokugcina kunye nezokuthutha ezinokufikelela kuma-40°C kwiindawo zokutya ezingenamthunzi.
Iimfuneko zokufana kwe-TMR. Iingcali zezondlo zobisi zakwaSirayeli zenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-TMR elinganisela amandla, iiproteni, ifayibha, kunye nezakhamzimba ezincinci ngokuchanekileyo, into eyimfuneko xa kujoliswa kwimveliso yobisi engaphezulu kweelitha ezingama-50 ngenkomo nganye ngosuku ngexesha lokuncancisa okuphezulu. Ubunzima kunye nokuqina kwepellet kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela iipellet eziziphatha ngayo kwi-TMR mixers. Iipellets ezithambileyo ziyaqhekeka zibe ziincindi ezahlula kwi-mixer kwaye zithintelwa ngokukhethekileyo ziinkomo, nto leyo edala ukungalingani kwezondlo. Iipellets eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide zigcina ukuthembeka kwazo ngokuxuba nokuhambisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke i-mouth mouth ineprofayili yesondlo esenziweyo.
Indlela yokudibanisa amashishini. Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2024, imveliso ephakathi kwifama yobisi nganye yakwaSirayeli inyuke ngama-26 ekhulwini, ukusuka kwi-1.713 yezigidi zeelitha ukuya kwi-2.516 yezigidi zeelitha, ngelixa inani leefama lehla ukusuka kwi-634 ukuya kwi-620. Oku kudibanisa kuthetha ukuba i-feed mill nganye ngoku ikhonza abathengi abambalwa kodwa abakhulu, abo imiba yomgangatho weepellet inempembelelo enkulu ngokwemali.
Umenzi: Uphuculo lweSithili sokuTya ukutya ukuze kukhule
Ifektri yokutya esembindini wolu phononongo, ekwiJezreel Valley kumzantsi-mpuma weHaifa, incede uluntu lwasekuhlaleni oluvelisa ubisi ukususela ngo-1998. Ekuqaleni yayingumsebenzi ophantsi ovelisa iitoni ezingama-2,000 ngenyanga zokutya okucoliweyo kunye nokucoliweyo, le fektri yanda kancinci kancinci njengoko ukuhlanganiswa kobisi kwakwaSirayeli kwagxila kwimveliso kwiifama ezimbalwa kodwa ezivelisa ngakumbi.
Ngowama-2022, lo matshini wawuvelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-6,500 ngenyanga usebenzisa ii-aging ring die pellet mills ezimbini ezivela kumvelisi waseYurophu. Nangona ezi zixhobo zazisebenza, zazisondela esiphelweni sobomi bazo bezoqoqosho. Imiba ephambili yokusebenza yayiquka i-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) ephakathi kwama-92 ukuya kuma-93 ekhulwini kwiimveliso zobisi, ngaphantsi kwe-96 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwethagethi echazwe ziingcali zesondlo kwizicelo ze-TMR; ukuguguleka kakhulu kwee-die kunye nee-roller ezifuna utshintsho lwee-die rhoqo ngeetoni ezili-1,200 ukuya kwi-1,500; ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-18 ukuya kuma-20 kWh ngetoni nganye kwii-pelleting zodwa; kunye ne-fine return rates ye-4 ukuya kwi-5 ekhulwini, emele zombini iindleko zokulahleka kwemveliso kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona.
Abaphathi bale fektri baqaphele ukuba ukugcinwa kancinci kunye nokuphuculwa okungaphelelanga akuyi kuvala umsantsa. Ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo komgca omnye wokufaka iipellets kwacwangciselwa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali luka-2023, kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo olukhuphisanayo ebandakanya ababoneleli abavela eYurophu, eTshayina naseTurkey.
Isisombululo: I-Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill
Emva kovavanyo lweenyanga ezintandathu oluquka ukutyelela indawo kwiindawo zokufakela iireferensi kwicandelo leenkuku zenyama e-Egypt nakwishishini lokutya kobisi lase-Ethiopia, uvavanyo lwezityalo ngeesampuli zeedayi, kunye neengxoxo zobugcisa ezineenkcukacha neqela lobunjineli lase-Hongyang, le fektri ikhethe i-Hongyang HYPM-420 ring die pellet mill ukuba ifakwe kumgca wayo ophambili wokutya kobisi.
I-HYPM-420, eyinxalenye yothotho lwee-ring die ze-Hongyang ezikumgangatho ophakathi, inobubanzi be-die yangaphakathi obuyi-420mm kunye nobubanzi obusebenzayo be-120mm, eqhutywa yi-motor ephambili eyi-110 kW. Iimpawu ezininzi zobugcisa zichaphazele ukhetho.
Ii-ring dies zikaHongyang ziveliswa kwizixhobo zokubhola imipu ze-CNC kunye nonyango lobushushu be-vacuum, kunye nokunyamezelana kobubanzi bemingxuma kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-plus okanye minus 0.05mm kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo olunokuguqulelwa ukusuka kwi-1:4 ukuya kwi-1:12. Kwisicelo sobisi sase-Israel, ububanzi bemingxuma yoxinzelelo oluyi-8mm obunomlinganiselo woxinzelelo oluyi-1:7 buchaziwe, bulungiselelwe ukwenziwa kwe-mill yerhasi engama-35 ekhulwini, umbona ongama-25 ekhulwini, umgubo wesoya ongama-18 ekhulwini, kunye ne-22 ekhulwini yengqolowa kunye ne-premix yezimbiwa.
Indlela yokulungisa iirola ezingaqhelekanga ye-HYPM ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza ubomi bonke benkonzo ye-die ngaphandle kokususa i-roller assembly, ingakumbi ixabiseke kakhulu apho utshintsho oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-derry concentrate, i-dry cow, kunye ne-heif rations zifuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-roller clearance.
I-HYPM-420 ifaniswe ne-double-layer conditioner enika ixesha lokugcina imizuzwana engama-90, ixhotyiswe ngevalvu yomphunga eguqulayo egcina ubushushu be-mash ngaphakathi kwe-plus okanye minus 1°C ye-78 ukuya kwi-82°C ekujoliswe kuyo kokutya kobisi, eyaneleyo kwi-starch gelatinization kunye nolawulo lwe-pathogen ngaphandle komonakalo wobushushu kumgangatho weproteni.
UHongyang unikezele ngee-roller shells ze-high-chromium alloy roller (HRC 58-62) zeefomyula zengqolowa ezifakwe kakhulu, ezibonelela ngokumelana nokukrweleka kunye nokuqina okufunekayo kwishedyuli yokusebenza yefektri yeeyure ezingama-20 ngosuku, iintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki.
Ukuphunyezwa kunye neziphumo
Ukufakelwa kwagqitywa emva kokuvalwa okucwangcisiweyo kweentsuku ezili-10 ngoMatshi 2023. I-HYPM-420 yadibaniswa kumgca okhoyo ongasentla kwesixhobo sokupholisa esichaseneyo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa nokuxuba yefektri. UHongyang wathumela injineli ephezulu yokunika umsebenzi eyayijongene nokufakelwa koomatshini, ukuhlanganiswa kombane, kwaye yaqhuba uqeqesho lwabaqhubi kwiintsuku ezintlanu.
Imveliso iqalise kwakhona kumgca omtsha nge-70% yomthamo olinganisiweyo kwiveki yokuqala, yanyuka yaya kutsho kwimveliso epheleleyo ngomhla wesibhozo. Emva kweenyanga ezili-14 zokusebenza okuqhubekayo ukuya kutsho ku-Epreli 2024, malunga neeyure zokusebenza ezingama-8,400, umzi-mveliso ubike ngezi milinganiselo zokusebenza zilandelayo xa kuthelekiswa nomgca owawutshintshile.
Ubungakanani bemveliso yeepellets zobisi ze-8mm bunyuke ukusuka kwiitoni eziyi-4.2 ngeyure ukuya kwiitoni eziyi-5.8 ngeyure, ukuphucuka ngama-38 ekhulwini. I-Pellet Durability Index, elinganiswa ngendlela ye-tumble box, inyuke ukusuka kuma-92 ukuya kuma-93 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-96.5 ukuya kuma-97.5 ekhulwini rhoqo. Izinga lokubuyiselwa kwentlawulo lehle ukusuka kuma-4 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-1.2 ukuya kuma-1.8 ekhulwini, ukuncitshiswa ngama-65 ekhulwini. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile kwehle ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kuma-20 kWh ngetoni ukuya kuma-14.2 ukuya kuma-15.5 kWh ngetoni, ukonga ngama-22 ekhulwini. Ubomi benkonzo ye-die kwifomyula yobisi ye-8mm bunyuke ukusuka kwi-1,200 ukuya kuma-1,500 tonnes ukuya kuma-3,800 tonnes, ngaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-2.5 ngaphezulu. Ubomi be-roller shell bunyuke ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-600 ukuya kuma-800 ukuya kuma-2,200 tonnes, ngaphezu kwesithathu kunexesha elidlulileyo lenkonzo. Ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga lehle ukusuka kwiiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ngenyanga ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.
Eyona nto iphucukileyo kubathengi babalimi bobisi bale fektri yayikukunyuka kwe-PDI ukusuka kwi-92 ukuya kwi-93 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-96.5 ukuya kwi-97.5 ekhulwini. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, oku kuthetha ukuba iipellets zifika kwi-TMR mixers zasefama zinokonakala okuncinci, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko ezaziqokelelene ezantsi kwimigxobhozo yokutya kwaye zalahlwa ziinkomo. Umphathi womgangatho wale fektri uqaphele ukuba izikhalazo zabathengi ezinxulumene nomgangatho weepellets, ezazinomyinge wesithathu ukuya kwesine ngenyanga ngezixhobo zangaphambili, zehle zaya ku-zero kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokufakwa kwe-HYPM.
Impembelelo Yabathengi: Oko Kwabonwa Ngabalimi Bobisi
Isiseko sabathengi bale fektri siquka iifama eziqala kwi-150 ukuya kwi-800 zeenkomo ezisengayo, ezinomlinganiselo wobukhulu bomhlambi omalunga neenkomo ezingama-320. Iinkomo ezininzi zondla kuphela i-pelleted concentrate njengenxalenye ye-TMR equka i-corn silage, i-wheat silage, i-alfalfa hay, kunye neemveliso ezivela kushishino lokutya lwasekuhlaleni.
Abaphathi abathathu beefama zobisi abadliwanondlebe nabo kolu phononongo baxele ukuba izinto ezifunyenweyo zihlala zibonwa emva kokuphuculwa komgca wokufaka iipellets kwifektri.
Umsebenzi weenkomo ezingama-500 e-Upper Galilee ngaphambili wawubonile ukuqokelelwa kweentlawulo ezibonakalayo kwiindawo zokutya emva kokuhanjiswa kwe-TMR, ingakumbi kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni xa iipellets zazithambekele kakhulu ekuthambekeni okubangelwa bubushushu. Emva kokuphuculwa, umphathi wefama uxele ukuba akukho pellets zibonakalayo eziwohlokayo kwindawo yokutya, kwaye ukufundwa kwemihla ngemihla kweendawo zokutya kubonisa ukusetyenziswa okufanayo kumhlambi wonke.
Ingcali yesondlo ekhonza ivenkile yobisi yeenkomo ezingama-380 i-kibbutz kufutshane ne-Afula ilandele iipesenti zamafutha obisi kunye neeproteni ngaphambi nasemva kokuphuculwa komgangatho we-pellet. Nangona izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ukwakheka kobisi, ingcali yesondlo iqaphele ukuba ukuguquguquka kwenyanga nenyanga kwipesenti yamafutha obisi kunciphile ukusuka kutshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwamanqaku angama-0.22 eepesenti ngaphambi kokuphuculwa ukuya kuma-0.12 eepesenti emva kokuphuculwa, okubangelwa ngokuyinxenye kukuhanjiswa kwezakhamzimba rhoqo kwii-pellets ezigcina ukuthembeka ngenkqubo yokuxuba nokutya ye-TMR.
I-moshav yeenkomo ezingama-280 ibiye ibale ukuba ukuncipha kokuchithwa kokutya, ngaphambili okwakubalwa malunga ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 yepesenti yomxube wepellet olahlekileyo njengezohlwayo ezingatyiwayo, kudityaniswe nokusebenza kakuhle kokutya komhlambi, okuguqulelwe ekuncitshisweni kwe-ILS 0.03 ukuya kwi-0.04 kwixabiso lokutya ngelitha nganye yobisi oluveliswayo. Kwishishini elivelisa iilitha ezizigidi ezingama-2.8 ngonyaka, oku kubonisa ukonga okumalunga ne-ILS 84,000 ukuya kwi-112,000, okulingana ne-21,000 ukuya kwi-28,000 yee-euro ngonyaka.
Indima kaHongyang: Ngaphaya kobonelelo lwezixhobo
Iprojekthi yakwaSirayeli ibonisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zendlela yeHongyang Feed Machinery.
Iqela lobuchwephesha laseHongyang lihlalutye uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso zobisi eziveliswa kule fektri, kuquka utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kwizinto ezifumanekayo ezifana nerhasi yasehlotyeni xa ithelekiswa nengqolowa yasebusika kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso eembotyi zombona nesoya, kwaye layila i-die enobunzulu obuguquguqukayo kwimigca yemingxuma ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso kuzo zonke iintlobo zemveliso.
Inkqubo yokunika amandla noqeqesho lweentsuku ezintlanu kwindawo leyo yayigubungela iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni, iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcinwa kwee-die kunye nee-roller, ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokufakwa kwee-pellets kuquka ukutshixeka, ii-pellets ezithambileyo, kunye neentlawulo ezigqithisileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina iirekhodi ezivumela ucwangciso lokugcinwa oluqhutywa yidatha. Umqhubi okhokelayo wefektri, owayenamava eminyaka eli-18 okufakwa kwee-pellets, uchaze uqeqesho njengolona tshintsho lobuchwephesha lucwangcisiweyo awalufumanayo kuye nawuphi na umthengisi wezixhobo.
Xa i-fill yafumana ukuhla komthamo wayo kwiinyanga ezili-10, ekugqibeleni yafunyanwa yi-steam strainer egugileyo eyanciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle komoya, iqela lobuchwephesha laseHongyang lafumanisa ingxaki likude kwiiyure ezine emva kokufumana iirekhodi zedatha yokusebenza, lithintela utshintsho olungeyomfuneko kwaye longa malunga ne-3,500 yee-euro kwiindawo ezithile nakwixesha lokungasebenzi.
Isiphelo
Imveliso yobisi ehamba phambili kwihlabathi liphela kwishishini lobisi lakwaSirayeli ayibangelwa yimfuza kuphela. Ibonisa inkqubo apho yonke into engeniswayo, kuquka imfuza, isondlo, ulawulo, ulawulo lwemozulu, kunye nokuveliswa kokutya, ilungiselelwe ukuxhasa ukusebenza okumangalisayo kwezinto eziphilayo. Umgangatho wepellet, nangona ungabonakali kumthengi, likhonkco elibalulekileyo kolu luhlu.
Amava ale Jezreel Valley feed mill abonisa ukuba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufaka iipellet, ezenzelwe iimfuno ezithile zemveliso yokutya kobisi kwaye zixhaswa yintsebenziswano yobugcisa ezinikeleyo, zibonelela ngophuculo olulinganisekayo ekuqineni kweepellet, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neziphumo zasefama kumvelisi wobisi.
I-HYPM ring die pellet mill yaseHongyang Feed Machinery, ngokuhlangabezana nemigangatho echanekileyo yokondla iinkomo zobisi ezivelisa kakhulu kwihlabathi, ibonakalise indawo yayo kwenye yezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu zokwenza ukutya kwezolimo kwihlabathi liphela.
Malunga noomatshini bokutya baseHongyang: I-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. igxile kuyilo, ukwenziwa, kunye nokubonelela ngee-ring die pellet mills, ii-hammer mills, ii-mixers, ii-coolers, ii-crumblers, kunye nemigca yemveliso yokutya epheleleyo. Ngamava angaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kushishino, i-Hongyang ikhonza abavelisi bokutya kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 kwicandelo leenkukhu, imfuyo, ukutya kwasemanzini, kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2026
