Imveliso Yokutya Okudadayo Kweentlanzi Zase-Nigeria ngeHongyang Ring Die Pellet Mill | Isifundo Setyala

ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga

INigeria yeyona mveliso inkulu yezolimo zasemanzini kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, kodwa icandelo layo lokondla iintlanzi lisaxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2024, ilizwe lingenise phakathi kweetoni ezingama-300,000 kunye nama-400,000 zeetoni zokutya kweentlanzi kunye nezithako minyaka le, lichitha ngaphezulu kwe-$1.2 yeebhiliyoni ukuvala umsantsa wemfuno omalunga neetoni ezingama-2.4 ezigidi zeetoni. Umatshini wokufuya iintlanzi emanzini ophakathi e-Ogun State, kumzantsi-ntshona weNigeria, wazama ukutshintsha ukutya okukhutshiweyo okudadayo okungeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngezinye iindlela ezenziwe apha ekhaya zeentlanzi zekati (Clarias gariepinus) kunye nemisebenzi yokulima yeNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Emva kokuvavanya ababoneleli bezixhobo ezininzi, lo matshini ukhethe umatshini wokufuya iintlanzi weHongyang SZLH series ring die pellet odityaniswe nenkqubo yokulungisa emva kokukhupha iintlanzi. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuqaliswa, lo matshini ufikelele kumthamo wemveliso ozinzileyo weetoni ezingama-3.5–4 ngeyure, i-pellet durability index (PDI) engaphezulu kwama-96%, kunye nomgangatho wokuzinza kwamanzi odlula iiyure ezi-6 zee-pellets ezidadayo. Imilinganiselo yokuguqulwa kokutya (i-FCR) ebikwe ngabathengi abasezantsi iphucuke ukusuka kumyinge we-1.8:1 ukuya kwi-1.4:1 xa kuthelekiswa nokutya okuthengisiweyo okungeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Olu phononongo luhlola izizathu zobugcisa emva kokukhethwa kwezixhobo, iziphumo zemveliso, kunye neenzuzo ezibonakalayo zoqoqosho ezifunyenwe yifektri yokutya yaseNigeria.

## 1. Indawo Yokutya Kwamanzi eNigeria: Imarike Ephantsi Koxinzelelo

Imakethi yokutya kwezilwanyana eNigeria ifikelele malunga ne-15.18 yezigidi zeetoni zemetric ngo-2024, apho i-aquafeed imele enye yezona ndawo zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Imveliso ye-aquaculture yelizwe iqhutywa yi-catfish—eyenza malunga ne-70% yemveliso yeentlanzi ezifuywayo—kunye ne-tilapia, eye yasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwiinkqubo zokulima kwiikheyiji kulo lonke ilizwe lase-Ogun, eLagos, naseDelta.

Nangona kukho olu kukhula, amandla okuvelisa ukutya kweentlanzi zasekhaya asele esezantsi kakhulu. I-National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) ibhale phantsi ukuba iifektri zasekuhlaleni zenza iitoni ezimalunga ne-1.2 yezigidi ngonyaka xa kuthelekiswa nemfuneko iyonke edlula iitoni ezizizigidi ezi-3.6. Ukusilela bekusoloko kuzaliswa kukungeniswa okuvela eMorocco, eMauritania, eBrazil, kunye nabathengisi baseYurophu abanjengoSkretting kunye neAller Aqua.

Imeko-bume yezoqoqosho iye yaqinisa ukungxamiseka kokutshintshwa kwendawo. Phakathi kowama-2024 nasekuqaleni kowama-2025, iNaira yaseNigeria yehla malunga nama-50% xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika, nto leyo enyusa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokutya okungeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngama-30–50%. Ngasekupheleni kowama-2025, ingxowa eqhelekileyo ye-15 kg yokutya okudadayo okungeniswe kwamanye amazwe yayithengiswa malunga ne-₦42,000—ixabiso elabangela ukuba imisebenzi enzima yokulima iintlanzi emanzini ingabi namandla kwezoqoqosho kubalimi abaninzi abancinci nabaphakathi.

Le ngxaki yamaxabiso idale umngeni kunye nethuba kubavelisi bezondlo zasekuhlaleni: batyale imali kwizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa ukutya okuphumayo okudadayo ngexabiso elikhuphisanayo, okanye balahlekelwe yisabelo semarike ngokupheleleyo.

## 2. Isizathu Sokukhetha Izixhobo: Kutheni I-Ring Die Ingasetyenziselwa Ezinye Iindlela

Umqhubi womatshini wokugaya intlanzi e-Ogun State uvavanye iindlela ezintathu zobuchwepheshe zokuvelisa ukutya kweentlanzi ezidadayo:

Itekhnoloji yeNkunzi yeendleko zokusebenza Ixabiso lePellet Umgangatho ofanelekileyo eNigeria
— — — — — —
I-extruder ene-screw enye (engeniswe ngaphakathi) Iphezulu kakhulu Iphezulu (iindawo ezingasetyenziswa) Ibalasele kakhulu Iphantsi—amaxesha amade okuqhuba, ukuvezwa kwe-FX
I-pellet mill yendawo ethe tyaba iphantsi iphantsi Ayihambelani nokufunxa amanzi Iphakathi—inkcitho ephezulu, imveliso ephantsi
I-Ring die pellet mill + i-post-conditioning ephakathi Phakathi ephezulu (ene-conditioning efanelekileyo) Ephezulu—yomelele, iyalungiseka, iqinisekisiwe

Umqhubi ukhethe indlela ye-ring die ngezizathu ezithathu ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ii-ring die pellet mills zisebenza nge-throughput ephezulu nge-kilowatt-yure kunezinye iindlela ze-flat-die, apho amandla azo aqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-20 metric tons ngeyure kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-die kunye nomgangatho we-motor. Okwesibini, i-ring die eyenziwe kakuhle enomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokucinezelwa kunye ne-steam conditioning inokufikelela kumanqanaba e-gelatinization aneleyo ukuvelisa ii-floating pellets ngaphandle kwe-expander ezinikeleyo—ukonga imali enkulu. Okwesithathu, ukufumaneka kwezinto ezilungiselelwayo apha ekhaya ezifana nee-dies, ii-rollers, kunye nee-bearings kwakubalulekile kwimarike apho ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe lihlala lifikelela kwiiveki ngenxa yokususwa kwerhafu kunye neengxaki ze-logistics.

Isixhobo sokugalela i-ring die pellet saseHongyang SZLH, esixhotyiswe nge-motor ephambili ye-160 kW, i-stainless steel conditioner, kunye ne-ring die enomlinganiselo wokucinezelwa we-1:8.5 olungiselelwe iifomyula ze-aquafeed ezidadayo, sikhethwe emva kokuba umenzi ebonelele ngovavanyo lwe-die olukhethekileyo lwefomyula esebenzisa iisampulu zezinto eziluhlaza zaseNigeria—kuquka umgubo wesoya wasekuhlaleni, ikhekhe le-groundnut, kunye ne-cassava starch binder—kwiziko labo lokuvavanya laseLiyang.

## 3. Ukusebenza kweMveliso kunye neeMetriki zoMgangatho wePellet

Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwenzeke ngoSeptemba ka-2025, imveliso epheleleyo inyuka ngoNovemba. Izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili ezirekhodwe kwixesha lokubeka esweni leenyanga ezine ezilandelayo zishwankathelwe apha ngezantsi:

Ithagethi yeMetriki yokwenyani (Umyinge weenyanga ezi-4)
— — — —
Ubungakanani bomsebenzi (iitoni ze-metric/hr) 3.0 3.6
Isalathisi Sokuqina Kwepellet (PDI) ≥95% 96.4%
Ukuzinza kwamanzi (ukudada, iiyure) ≥4 iiyure iiyure eziyi-6.2
Ubuninzi (kg/m³) 450–500 472
Izinga lokuntywila kwePellet <5% kwimizuzu engama-30 2.8%
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ton) ≤45 42.3
Ubomi beNkonzo yeDie (iitoni ngaphambi kokutshintshwa) 8,000 Isendleleni—iitoni ezingama-2,400 zigqitha zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-0.3 mm

Isiphumo se-PDI se-96.4% sibaluleke kakhulu kwi-aquafeed edadayo. Ukuqina okuphezulu kunciphisa ukuveliswa kweentlawulo ngexesha lokuhambisa nge-pneumatic, ukufaka kwiingxowa, kunye nokuthutha—iintlawulo ebeziza kutshona kwangoko xa kusetyenziswa idama, nto leyo enegalelo ekuwohlokeni kwenkunkuma yokutya kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Ukuzinza kwamanzi okungaphezulu kweeyure ezi-6 kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-pellets zihlala ziqinile kwaye zimanzi kuyo yonke indawo yokutya kwe-catfish eqhelekileyo, okuvumela abalimi ukuba bajonge ngokubonakalayo ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulungisa amazinga okutya.

Umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa kokutya okuxelwe ziifama ezili-12 ezisezantsi ezilandelwa yifektri umyinge we-1.4:1 kumjikelo wokukhula opheleleyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-1.8:1 yokutya okukhutshiweyo okungeniswe kwamanye amazwe okusetyenzisiweyo ngaphambili. Ngokweendleko zokutya ezikhoyo, olu phuculo luthetha ukuba kufikelele kwi-₦112,000 yokonga iindleko zokutya ngetoni nganye yeentlanzi ezivuniweyo—inzuzo enkulu yokhuphiswano kubalimi.

## 4. Impembelelo yoQoqosho kunye neNgxelo yaBathengi

Utshintsho oluvela ekungenisweni kokutya okudadayo oluveliswe apha ekhaya luye ekuvelisweni kokutya okudadayo okuveliswe apha ekhaya luzise iingenelo ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo kwezoqoqosho:

1. Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokutya: Ixabiso lefektri yangaphambili yefektri nganye ngebhegi ye-15 kg yayimalunga ne-₦28,000, i-33% ingaphantsi kwexabiso lokufika kwezinye iindlela ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe kwi-₦42,000.

2. Ukuthembeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela: Amaxesha okukhokela ancipha ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 (umjikelo wokungenisa) ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48 (ukuhanjiswa kwendawo). Abalimi banokuodola ukutya ngokwemfuno kunokuba bagcine izitokhwe ezibizayo.

3. Ukuguquguquka kokwenziwa kwemveliso: Isixhobo sokusila singalungisa amanqanaba eprotheyini kunye nokwakheka kwezithako ngokusekelwe kubukho bezinto eziluhlaza zonyaka—sifake ubungakanani obuphezulu bekhekhe yamandongomane ngexesha lokuvuna size sitshintshele kumgubo wesoya xa amaxabiso ethanda—ngaphandle kokubeka umgangatho womzimba wepellet esichengeni.

Umphathi wemveliso wefektri, odlan’ udliwanondlebe emva kwekota yokuqala yokusebenza, uthe: “Besizame ezinye iimashini ezimbini ngaphambili. Omnye ubengenakukwazi ukugcina i-pellet iphaphazela ngaphaya kweeyure ezimbini; omnye wonakala rhoqo emva kweeveki ezintathu. Umatshini waseHongyang usebenze iinyanga ezine kuphela ngokulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo. Abathengi bethu bathi ukutya kuhlala emanzini kwaye iintlanzi zitya ngamandla.”

## 5. Isiphelo

Imarike ye-aquafeed yaseNigeria ikwinqanaba lokunyuka kwexabiso. Ukunyuka kweendleko zokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, ukwehla kwexabiso lemali, kunye nokukhula kwemveliso ye-aquaculture kunye konke kunyanzela eli shishini ukuba liphumeze ukutya kwasekhaya. Ityala le-Ogun State libonisa ukuba i-ring die pellet mill echazwe kakuhle—elungiselelwe nge-deformulation-matched die geometry, i-steam conditioning efanelekileyo, kunye nokuphathwa okuqinileyo emva kwe-pellet—inokuvelisa ukutya kwe-catfish kunye ne-tilapia okudadayo kwinqanaba lorhwebo, kunye nemilinganiselo yomgangatho ehlangabezana okanye idlula ezinye iindlela ezingenisiweyo.

KwiHongyang, ukufakwa kweNigeria kuqinisa irekhodi lenkampani kwiimarike apho ukuqina kwezixhobo, ukulungiselelwa kweenkonzo zasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuguquguquka kwefomyula kubaluleke kakhulu njengezibalo zokuphuma kwemveliso. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwale fektri kwimijikelo emininzi yemveliso kuqinisekisa ukuba iqonga le-SZLH ring die lifanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima kunye neeprofayili ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziluhlaza ezibonakala kwimveliso yokutya eNtshona Afrika.

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Izalathiso zedatha: Amanani obungakanani bemarike yokutya kwezilwanyana eNigeria evela kwi-Research and Markets (2025); izibalo zokungenisa ukutya kweentlanzi kunye namaxabiso avela kwi-The Nation Newspaper kunye neengxelo zoshishino kwicandelo lezolimo zasemanzini eNigeria; idatha yokuguqulwa kokutya echazwe luphando lwabathengi olusezantsi lwe-mill, ngoDisemba 2025–Matshi 2026.