ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga
Ishishini lokutya okudityanisiweyo laseKazakhstan litshintsha indlela elisebenza ngayo. Ngowama-2025, eli lizwe livelise malunga ne-3.7 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric zokutya okudityanisiweyo kwezilwanyana zasefama—ukwanda ngama-54% ngo-2024, ngokutsho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni ezibikwe yi-APK-Inform. Ummandla waseKostanay, ongomnye wemimandla emithathu ephambili evelisa ukutya kweli lizwe, uphindaphinde kabini imveliso yawo ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-501,000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingaphezu kwe-1.05 yezigidi ngexesha elinye, okubangelwa kukwanda kwemfuyo yasekhaya kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yokuthumela ngaphandle evela eTshayina, eyafunxa i-99.1% yeetoni ezili-1.7 yezigidi zeKazakhstan zokutya kwezilwanyana ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwiinyanga zokuqala ezisibhozo zowama-2025.
Kule meko ikhula kakhulu, umzi-mveliso wokutya ophakathi kummandla waseKostanay—osebenza malunga neetoni ezingama-40,000 ze-ruminant compound feed minyaka le kwimisebenzi yeenkomo neegusha—ujongene nobunzima bokuvelisa. Umzi-mveliso wawo wokutya we-pellet osele ukhulile awukwazanga ukugcina iinjongo zokukhupha ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho we-pellet, kwaye amaxesha okutshintsha iidayi aye ancipha ukuya kumanqanaba angenaxabiso. Phakathi kowama-2025, umzi-mveliso wafaka umzi-mveliso wokutya we-pellet we-Hongyang HYPM-series olungiselelwe ukutya kwe-ruminant. Kwiinyanga ezisibhozo ezalandelayo, umzi-mveliso ubhale ukonyuka kwe-31% kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla, uphuculo olulinganisekayo kwisalathisi sokuqina kwedayi, kunye nokwandiswa kobomi benkonzo yedayi ngaphezulu kwama-40%. Eli nqaku libhala umxholo wokusebenza, isisombululo sobugcisa, kunye nedatha yokusebenza ebonweyo.
Ishishini Lokutya Kwezilwanyana Ezifuywayo laseKazakhstan: Umxholo kunye Nomlinganiselo
Imeko yezolimo yaseKazakhstan ichazwa ngokobukhulu bayo. Njengelizwe lesithoba ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokomhlaba, linomhlaba wezolimo omalunga ne-180 yezigidi zeehektare, apho amadlelo awo amalunga ne-70%. Umhlambi weenkomo welizwe, oqikelelwa kwi-8.5 yezigidi zeenkomo ngo-2024, kunye nenani leegusha ezimalunga ne-20 yezigidi zeenkomo, zimele isiseko esikhulu nesikhulayo semfuno yokutya okudityanisiweyo.
Ngokwembali, icandelo lemfuyo laseKazakhstan belixhomekeke ekutyaleni kakhulu, apho ukondliwa kokutya kuncitshiswa kwiinyanga zasebusika. Zintathu izinto ezibangele utshintsho olukhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo:
Okokuqala, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Inkqubo kaRhulumente yaseKazakhstan yoPhuhliso lweNdawo yoShishino lwezoLimo, eqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2026, ibandakanya inkxaso-mali ejoliswe kwimisebenzi yeendawo zokutya kunye nokwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso yokutya, ejolise ekwandiseni isabelo seenkomo ezigqityiweyo ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-15% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-30%.
Okwesibini, iimfuno zemarike yokuthumela ngaphandle. Isabelo esikhulu sokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokutya okudityanisiweyo eKazakhstan singena eTshayina, apho ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho iye yaqina ngokuthe ngcembe. Abathumeli baseTshayina bafuna ngakumbi imilinganiselo yomgangatho wepellet ebhaliweyo—isalathisi sokuqina kwepellet, ukufana komswakama, kunye nokungabikho kweentlawulo—imigangatho enzima ukuyifikelela rhoqo ngezixhobo zokugaya iipellet ezindala.
Okwesithathu, imfuneko yemozulu. Umntla Kazakhstan, kuquka ummandla waseKostanay, uhlangabezana nemozulu embi kakhulu yelizwekazi kunye namaqondo obushushu asebusika angaphantsi kwama-30 degrees Celsius rhoqo. Ngexesha leenyanga ezintandathu zokutya ebusika, xa izilwanyana zivalelwe kwaye zixhomekeke ekutyeni okugciniweyo, umgangatho weepellet uba yinto echaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwemfuyo. Iipellet eziqhekekayo ngexesha lokuphathwa zivelisa izigwebo ezihluthwayo kwaye zingafunwa ziinkomo, nto leyo eyonyusa inkunkuma yokutya xa imida sele icinezelwe ziindleko zokufudumeza kunye nezindlu.
I-Mill kunye noMngeni Wayo
Ivenkile yokutya ekubhekiselelwa kuyo ikhonza iqela leendawo zokutya iinkomo zenyama yenkomo kunye nemisebenzi yokugqiba iigusha ngaphakathi kwe-150-kilometer ukusuka kwisixeko saseKostanay. Ipropathi yayo yemveliso ineendlela ezimbini: isabelo sokugqiba iinkomo esisekelwe kwirhasi, ingqolowa, umgubo welanga, kunye ne-mineral premix, kunye nesabelo sabalimi beegusha esiquka umgubo we-alfalfa, irhasi, kunye nomgubo we-cottonseed.
Umgca wokufaka iipellets okhoyo kule fektri—umatshini wokufaka iipellets owenziwe ekhaya owafakwa ngo-2012—wawufikelele esiphelweni sobomi bawo benkonzo yezoqoqosho. Isebe lolawulo lomgangatho libhale phantsi le miba ilandelayo ngexesha lonyaka wokusebenza ka-2024:
Amaxesha okutshintshwa kwe-ring die ayefinyele ukuya kwiiyure zokusebenza ezingama-600, ukusuka kwingcaciso yokuqala yomenzi yeeyure ezili-1,200. Ukuguguleka kwe-die kwabonakala njengokwandiswa kwemingxunya okuqhubekayo, okwanyusa umlinganiselo woxinzelelo olusebenzayo womphezulu wokusebenza kwaye kwanyusa amandla afunekayo ngetoni nganye yeepellets eziveliswayo.
Isalathisi sokuqina kweepellet, esilinganiswe kusetyenziswa iHolmen tester (indlela yomoya), sehle ukusuka kuluhlu olwamkelekileyo lwe-93–94% ukuya kwi-88–90%. Kubathengi beendawo zokutya iinkomo zefektri, abafumana iipellets ngobuninzi baze bazithuthe ngeetreyila ezithuthayo phezu kweendlela ezingagayiwayo, ipesenti ephezulu yezohlwayo iguqulelwe ngqo ekungavunywa kwezilwanyana kwindawo yokutya kunye nokunyuka okuhambelanayo kweendleko ngekhilogram nganye yokunyuka kobunzima obuphilayo.
Ubungakanani bomhlaba bunciphile ukusuka kwi-metric tons ezisi-8 ngeyure ukuya kwi-avareji yeetoni ezi-6.2 ngeyure kwisabelo seenkomo, nto leyo eyabangela ingxaki enkulu kwimveliso ngexesha lexesha eliphezulu loku-odola ngaphambi kobusika ukusuka ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Okthobha, apho umzi-mveliso wawusebenza iiyure ezingama-20-22 ngosuku.
Ixesha lokungasebenzi libangelwa kukutshintsha kotshintsho oluqhubekayo kunye nohlengahlengiso loomatshini oluhambelanayo lujikeleze iiyure ezili-12 ngenyanga, okanye malunga neeyure ezili-144 zemveliso ezilahlekayo ngonyaka.
Uqwalaselo lweHongyang Pellet Mill
Emva kovavanyo lobuchwephesha oluquka uhlalutyo lwe-die metallurgy, ukubonisana nge-compression ratio, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwendawo yesalathiso, umzi-mveliso ukhethe umzi-mveliso we-Hongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet olinganiselwe kwiitoni ze-8–12 ngeyure kwi-ruminant formulations. Lo matshini waqaliswa ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2025. Iimpawu ezininzi zoyilo kunye nemveliso zibonakalise ukuba zizinto eziphucukileyo ekusebenzeni:
I-Ring Die Metallurgy kunye noNyango lobushushu: I-ring die enikezelwa kunye nomatshini wenziwe ngee-alloy steel forgings (udidi lwe-4Cr13 okanye olulinganayo, kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni), kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisa i-vacuum efikelela kubunzima bomphezulu obuyi-58–60 HRC ngelixa igcina ukuqina kwe-core ukumelana nokuqhekeka phantsi kophawu lokulayisha olujikelezayo lwe-high-fiber ruminant rations. Imingxunya ye-die igqojozwa ngemipu ize ihlanjululwe ukuya kufikelela kumphezulu we-Ra 0.8 μm okanye ngaphezulu eludongeni olungaphakathi, ukunciphisa ukungqubana ngexesha lokukhupha i-pellet kwaye kunegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukukhethwa kweNqanaba lokuCindezela lokuTya kweZilwanyana eziLuminant: Ngokusekelwe kwiifomyula ezithile zefektri—eziqulethe malunga ne-18–22% yefayibha eluhlaza evela kwiigobolondo zerhasi, umgubo welanga, kunye ne-alfalfa—iinjineli zesicelo saseHongyang zicebise umlinganiselo woxinzelelo we-1:9 ukuya kwi-1:10 kwisabelo seenkomo kunye ne-1:7 ukuya kwi-1:8 kwisabelo seegusha esinefayibha ephezulu. Ezi fomyula zibonisa umgaqo wobunjineli wokuba izitya zokutya ezinefayibha ephezulu zifuna uxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-die, ukuveliswa kobushushu, kunye ne-die surface glazing—imeko apho izinto zokutya ezishushu kakhulu zenza umaleko oqinileyo ovala imingxunya ye-die kwaye unyanzelise ukumiswa okungacwangciswanga. Ii-ring dies ezahlukeneyo zabonelelwa kwifomyula nganye, kunye ne-compression ratios eqoshiwe nge-laser emzimbeni we-die ukuze kubhekiselwe kumqhubi.
Uyilo lweNdibano yeRoller: Iigobolondo zeroller ze-pellet mill zenziwe ngodidi olufanayo lwentsimbi ye-alloy njenge-ring die, kunye neenkcukacha zobunzima obuhambelanayo eziqinisekisa ukuguguleka okufanayo phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. Ukuguguleka okungalinganiyo—apho ii-rollers ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza kune-die okanye ngokuchaseneyo—yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokwehla komgangatho we-pellet phakathi kwezithuba zokugcina, njengoko umsantsa phakathi kwe-roller kunye nomphezulu we-die ukhula kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion luba yinto engahambelaniyo. Indlela ye-matched-pair igcina i-nip-point geometry ehambelanayo kuyo yonke isithuba senkonzo epheleleyo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweZitimela zoQeqesho kunye neeMoto: Lo matshini usebenzisa i-gearbox enzima ene-case-harded helical gears, edityaniswe ngqo ne-IE3-class high-efficiency motor. Abaphathi bomatshini babale ukuba inzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-IE3 motor ye-2–3 percentage point kune-IE1 motor kumatshini otshintshiweyo iya kubuyisela iindleko ezongezelelweyo malunga neenyanga ezili-14 kwirhafu yombane wemizi-mveliso yaseKazakhstan ye-22–25 KZT nge-kWh (malunga ne-USD 0.045–0.052).
Iziphumo Zokusebenza: Idatha Yokusebenza Yeenyanga Ezisibhozo
Le datha ilandelayo yaqokelelwa lisebe lemveliso lefektri ukususela ngoJuni 2025 ukuya kuJanuwari 2026 (iinyanga ezisibhozo), xa ithelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2024:
| Ipharamitha | Ngaphambi koPhuculo (2024) | Emva koPhuculo (2025–26) | Utshintsho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubungakanani bokutya kweenkomo (t/h) | 6.2 | 8.5 | +37.1% |
| Ubungakanani bokutya kweegusha (t/h) | 5.8 | 7.6 | +31.0% |
| Isalathisi sokuhlala ixesha elide kweepellet, iinkomo (%) | 88.7 | 94.2 | +5.5 pp |
| Isalathisi sokuhlala ixesha elide sePellet, igusha (%) | 89.1 | 93.8 | +4.7 pp |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, iinkomo (kWh/t) | 16.8 | 14.3 | −14.9% |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, iigusha (kWh/t) | 17.4 | 14.9 | −14.4% |
| Ubomi benkonzo ye-ring die (iiyure) | 600 | 880 | +46.7% |
| Ixesha lokuphumla lenyanga, elinxulumene nokufa (iiyure) | 12 | 4 | −66.7% |
| Umthamo wokusebenza wemihla ngemihla (iitoni) | 130 | 178 | +36.9% |
Izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
Uphuculo lobungakanani bokutyalwa kweenkomo ludlule umlinganiselo weegusha ngamanqaku eepesenti ayi-6.1, kuhambelana nomxholo ophezulu wefayibha yefomyula yegusha othintela izinga lokutsalwa kweepellets kungakhathaliseki ukuba umatshini uyakwazi na. Le yimpahla yendalo, ayingomda wezixhobo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla malunga ne-15% kuzo zombini iifomyula kulandela ngokusondeleyo uqikelelo lweshishini lokuphumelela okunokwenzeka xa kuphuculwa ukusuka kwi-pellet mill eneminyaka elishumi ubudala ukuya kumatshini wesizukulwana sangoku one-ring die echazwe ngokufanelekileyo. Kwimveliso yonyaka ye-mill yeetoni ezingama-40,000, oku kuthetha ukuba kuqikelelwa kwi-92,000 kWh egcinwayo ngonyaka—malunga ne-4.2 yezigidi ze-KZT kumaxabiso akhoyo kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukwandiswa kwexesha lokusebenza kwe-ring die ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-600 ukuya kuma-880 kubonisa ukuphucuka kwe-46.7%. Umphathi wemveliso wefektri uqaphele ukuba inzuzo yokwenyani yezoqoqosho iphantsi kwixabiso le-die kunakwixesha lokungasebenzi elithintelweyo: utshintsho ngalunye lwe-die luchithe iiyure ezi-6-8, kwaye kunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kotshintsho ukusuka malunga ne-14 ngonyaka ukuya kwi-9 kukhulule iiyure ezongezelelweyo zemveliso ezingama-30-40 ngonyaka.
Kutheni Umgangatho weRing Die Ubalulekile kwiSondlo seRuminant
Ukufunxwa kokutya kwezilwanyana ezitya i-ruminant kuneengxaki zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa nokutya kwenkukhu okanye ukutya okumanzi. Umxholo ophezulu wefayibha—ngokuvamile i-15–25% yefayibha ekrwada xa kuthelekiswa ne-3–5% yokutya kweenkuku—kuthetha ukuba i-die kufuneka imelane nezinto ezirhabaxa kunye namandla athile aphezulu okukhupha.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kwefayibha kunye nomphezulu we-die luyinto yoomatshini kunokuba lube yikhemikhali: iifayibha ze-cellulose kunye ne-hemicellulose aziguquki zibe yiplastiki ngexesha lokulungiswa njengoko istatshi senza. Zidlula kwimingxunya ye-die njengezakhiwo ezipheleleyo, zigquma iindonga zemingxunya kwaye zikhulisa kancinci ububanzi obusebenzayo. Njengoko ububanzi bukhula, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo olusebenzayo uyancipha, kwaye amandla e-die okuvelisa ii-pellets ezihlala ixesha elide ayancipha. Ubunzima be-ring die—ingakumbi ukufana kobunzima ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu be-die obupheleleyo—yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ubomi benkonzo kwizicelo ze-ruminant.
Inkqubo yokuqinisa i-vacuum kaHongyang, efikelela kubunzima obuhlala buhleli emzimbeni we-die endaweni yokusebenza kuphela, ijongana ngqo nale ndlela yokusilela. Ulwandiso lwe-46.7% kubomi benkonzo olubonwe kwi-Kostanay mill luhambelana noko i-metallurgy ikuqikelelayo kwii-alloy steel dies kwi-medium-fiber ruminant rations.
Inzuzo yesibini kukunciphisa umahluko wobunzima bepellet kwiibhetshi. Ngomatshini wangaphambili, ukuqina kwepellet kunokwahluka ngamanqaku eepesenti ezi-3–4 phakathi kwedayi esandul’ ukufakwa kunye nesiphelo sobomi esisondelayo. Idayi entsha inciphise olu luhlu ukuya kuma-1.5 eepesenti—kwenza lula ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kunye nokunciphisa izikhalazo zabathengi.
Ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye neNgxelo yeFeedlot
Abathengi abasezantsi kwesi sitshi—iindawo zokutya inyama yenkomo kunye nemisebenzi yokugqiba iigusha ezithenga iipellets zayo—babonelela ngoqinisekiso lwangaphandle lokuphuculwa kwezixhobo. Uphando olwenziwe liqela lentengiso lesitshi ngoDisemba ka-2025, olugubungela iiakhawunti ezili-12 zeendawo zokutya ezinkulu, lubuyisele impendulo elandelayo eqokelelweyo:
Abaphathi abalithoba kwabalishumi elinesibini beendawo zokutya baxele ukwehla okubonakalayo kwisohlwayo xa kuhanjiswa iipellet. Omnye umphathi, ogqibe malunga nama-3,000 ngonyaka, walinganisa ukuphucuka: “Ngaphambili besibona iipellets ezisi-8–10 zeesentimitha ezantsi xa kuhanjiswa iitoni ezingama-25. Ngoku zihlala zingaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-3.”
Abaphenduli abasixhenxe baphawule ukuba ii-pellets zigcine imo yazo ngcono ngexesha lokusasazwa kwe-auger, nto leyo enciphisa iingxaki zokuvaleka kunye nokuxinana. Iindawo ezine zokutya ezigcina iirekhodi zokuguqulwa kokutya zibike ukuba umlinganiselo wokutya ophuculweyo uya kuzuza, nangona i-mill ilumkile malunga nokubeka oku kumgangatho wee-pellet kuphela ngenxa yokuguquguquka okudidayo kobushushu, i-genetics, kunye nolawulo lwe-bunk.
Abathengi bempahla yokutya kweegusha kule fektri—imisebenzi emincinci egqiba iintloko ezingama-500–2,000—baxele okufanayo, kugxininiswa ekunciphiseni inkcitho yomkhombe. Iigusha, njengoko zikhetha ukutya kuneenkomo, zihluza kwaye zilahla izigwebo ngogonyamelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuthembeka kweepellets kubaluleke kakhulu kweli candelo.
Isiphelo
Icandelo lokutya okudityanisiweyo laseKazakhstan likhula ngesantya esiya kuqhubeka nokubeka uxinzelelo kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo. Amava e-Kostanay-region mill nge-Hongyang HYPM pellet mill abonisa umgaqo obanzi: kwimarike ekhula kakhulu, isigqibo semali kwizixhobo zokufaka iipellet kufuneka siqwalasele uqoqosho olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi—ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ubomi benkonzo, iindleko zexesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nolwaneliseko lwabathengi olusezantsi—kunokuba lixabiso lokuthenga lodwa.
Idatha yokusebenza ebhalwe kwiKostanay mill, ethatha iinyanga ezisibhozo zemveliso eqhubekayo phantsi kweemeko zemozulu nezokusebenza ezinzima, inika isalathiso esiqinisekisiweyo kubavelisi bezondlo abajongene nemingeni efanayo eKazakhstan nakwimarike ebanzi yaseMbindi Asia. KwiHongyang, eli tyala liqinisa amandla enkampani okubonelela ngezisombululo ze-ring die kunye ne-pellet mill ezilungiselelwe ukutya kwezilwanyana ezityayo—icandelo elifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi-metallurgy, ubunjineli be-compression ratio, kunye nokuqina phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezirhabaxa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-11-2026
